Search for Anti-EA(D) Antibodies in Subjects with an “Isolated VCA IgG” Pattern

Paschale, Massimo De; Cagnin, Debora; Cerulli, Teresa; Manco, Maria Teresa; Agrappi, Carlo; Mirri, Paola; Gatti, Arianna; Rescaldani, Cristina; Clerici, Pierangelo

doi:10.1155/2010/695104

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…De Paschale et al reported that 8% of 2,442 samples from immunocompetent patients, routinely screened for EBV serology using a Diasorin EIA, displayed an isolated VCA IgG profile and demonstrated that 81% of these cases corresponded to past infection and 19% to a primary infection (11,12). In the study conducted by Klutts et al, only 2.4% of the samples harbored an isolated VCA IgG profile and 66% of them corresponded to a past infection (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Two Commercially Available Automated Immunoassays for the Determination of Epstein-Barr Virus Serological Status

Lupo

Germi

Semenova

et al. 2012

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the performance of two automated Vidas (V) and Liaison (L) immunoassays for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology. The detection of the viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM, the VCA/early antigen (VCA/EA) IgG, and the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) IgG was assessed on 526 sera collected for routine EBV testing in immunocompetent subjects. The determination of expected EBV status (186 EBV primary infections, 183 past EBV infections, and 157 EBV-seronegative individuals) was based on results of routine laboratory enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) together with clinical data. The sensitivity and specificity of each individual marker were determined in comparison to the expected EBV status. The agreement between the V and L profiles and the expected EBV status was established through the interpretation of combinations of the different EBV markers. Statistically significant differences between the two tests were found for the specificity of the VCA IgM marker (96.2% for V versus 93.2% for L), the sensitivity of the VCA/EA IgG marker (89% for V versus 94% for L), and the specificity of the EBNA IgG marker (96.5% for V versus 74.2% for L). The results determined for the two assays with respect to overall agreement with the established expected EBV status were not significantly different (89.7% for V versus 88.2% for L), with discrepancies mainly observed in sera referenced as primary infections. These findings demonstrated the similar performances of the Vidas and the Liaison assays for the establishment of an EBV serological status using the VCA, EA, and EBNA markers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Two Commercially Available Automated Immunoassays for the Determination of Epstein-Barr Virus Serological Status

Lupo

Germi

Semenova

et al. 2012

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…However, as high titers can be found during EBV reactivation [26] , as well as in 20%-30% of healthy subjects with past infection [2,25] and in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma [27] , the diagnostic use of these antibodies is still being debated. In general, a search for EA (D) IgG alone does not identify the stage of disease [43,109] , but combining these antibodies with other parameters can be useful in laboratory diagnoses [110] because it has been found that only 12% of the patients with isolated VCA IgG and past infection are EA (D) IgG positive, as against 90% of subjects with isolated VCA IgG and acute infection [111] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: Problems and solutions

Paschale

Clerici²

2012

WJV

Self Cite

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272

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Serological tests for antibodies specific for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens are frequently used to define infection status and for the differential diagnosis of other pathogens responsible for mononucleosis syndrome. Using only three parameters [viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG, VCA IgM and EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 IgG],it is normally possible to distinguish acute from past infection: the presence of VCA IgM and VCA IgG without EBNA-1 IgG indicates acute infection, whereas the presence of VCA IgG and EBNA-1 IgG without VCA IgM is typical of past infection. However, serological findings may sometimes be difficult to interpret as VCA IgG can be present without VCA IgM or EBNA-1 IgG in cases of acute or past infection, or all the three parameters may be detected simultaneously in the case of recent infection or during the course of reactivation. A profile of isolated EBNA-1 IgG may also create some doubts. In order to interpret these patterns correctly, it is necessary to determine IgG avidity, identify anti-EBV IgG and IgM antibodies by immunoblotting, and look for heterophile antibodies, anti-EA (D) antibodies or viral genome using molecular biology methods. These tests make it possible to define the status of the infection and solve any problems that may arise in routine laboratory practice.

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“…Histories and current states of individual HHV infections are reflected in the humoral response patterns to various HHV antigens. The presence of antibodies to early antigens (EAs) is usually indicative of ongoing or recent lytic infections whereas class-switched antibodies to late or latency-associated antigens often suggest past exposure ( 11 – 14 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibodies to early EBV, CMV, and HHV6 antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Rasmussen

Draborg

Nielsen

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology

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ObjectivesWe investigated the antibody levels against early antigens of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy controls, and further correlated these antibodies to haematology/biochemistry, serology, and disease activity measures.MethodImmunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG, and IgA levels against the DNA polymerase processivity factors of EBV, CMV, and HHV6, termed early antigen diffuse (EA/D), pp52, and p41, respectively, were determined in plasma samples from 77 SLE patients and 29 healthy controls by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).ResultsIgM, IgG, and IgA levels against EBV EA/D, and IgG and IgA levels against CMV pp52, were significantly higher in SLE patients compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, EBV EA/D- and CMV pp52-directed IgG levels were inversely and positively associated, respectively, with lymphocyte counts in SLE patients. None of the findings seemed to be associated with use of immunosuppressive medication.ConclusionsOur results suggest strong, but opposite, associations of lytic EBV and CMV infections with SLE. The amplified humoral responses to EBV EA/D and CMV pp52 in our SLE patient cohort probably reflect aberrant control of EBV and CMV reactivation. However, reactivation of EBV appeared to correlate with lymphopenic manifestations in SLE patients whereas CMV reactivation seemed to correlate with increments in lymphocyte levels.

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Search for Anti-EA(D) Antibodies in Subjects with an “Isolated VCA IgG” Pattern

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Performance of Two Commercially Available Automated Immunoassays for the Determination of Epstein-Barr Virus Serological Status

Performance of Two Commercially Available Automated Immunoassays for the Determination of Epstein-Barr Virus Serological Status

Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: Problems and solutions

Antibodies to early EBV, CMV, and HHV6 antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

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