Search for magnetic monopoles produced via the Schwinger mechanism

Acharya, B. S.; Alexandre, Jean; Beneš, P.; Bergmann, B.; Bertolucci, S.; Bevan, A. J.; Brânzaş, H.; Burian, Petr; Campbell, M.; Cho, Y M; Montigny, M. de; Roeck, A. De; Ellis, Jonathan Richard; Sawy, M. El; Fairbairn, Malcolm; Felea, D.; Frank, Mariana; Gould, Oliver; Hays, J.; Hirt, Ann M.; Ho, David L.-J.; Janecek, J.; Kalliokoski, Matti; Korzenev, A.; Lacarrère, D.; Leroy, C.; Levi, G.; Lionti, A. L.; Maulik, A.; Margiotta, A.; Mauri, N.; Mavromatos, Nick E.; Mermod, P.; Millward, L.; Mitsou, V. A.; Ostrovskiy, I.; Ouimet, P.-P.; Papavassiliou, Joannis; Parker, B.; Patrizii, L.; Păvălaş, G. E.; Pinfold, J. L.; Popa, L.; Popa, V.; Pozzato, M.; Pospı́šil, S.; Rajantie, Arttu; Austri, Roberto Ruiz de; Sahnoun, Z.; Sakellariadou, Mairi; Santra, A.; Sarkar, Sarben; Semenoff, Gordon W.; Shaa, A.; Sirri, G.; Śliwa, K.; Soluk, R.; Spurio, M.; Staelens, Michael; Suk, M.; Tenti, M.; Togo, V.; Tuszyński, J. A.; Upreti, A.; Vento, Vicente; Vives, O.

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04298-1

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…For realistic magnetic field strength in heavy-ion collision experiments, it was concluded that LHC experiments could test the existence of monopoles with masses of order O(100 GeV). Details of the first experimental monopole search at the LHC were recently published in [1042]. For monopole production in the primordial magnetic fields of the early universe see [1043].…”

Section: Monopole Pair Creationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in QED with intense background fields

Fedotov¹,

Ilderton²,

Karbstein³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Upcoming and planned experiments combining increasingly intense lasers and energetic particle beams will access new regimes of nonlinear, relativistic, quantum effects. This improved experimental capability has driven substantial progress in QED in intense background fields. We review here the advances made during the last decade, with a focus on theory and phenomenology. As ever higher intensities are reached, it becomes necessary to consider processes at higher orders in both the number of scattered particles and the number of loops, and to account for non-perturbative physics (e.g. the Schwinger effect), with extreme intensities requiring resummation of the loop expansion. In addition to increased intensity, experiments will reach higher accuracy, and these improvements are being matched by developments in theory such as in approximation frameworks, the description of finite-size effects, and the range of physical phenomena analysed. Topics on which there has been substantial progress include: radiation reaction, spin and polarisation, nonlinear quantum vacuum effects and connections to other fields including physics beyond the Standard Model.

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Section: Monopole Pair Creationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in QED with intense background fields

Fedotov¹,

Ilderton²,

Karbstein³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In the ISM magnetic fields and turbulence coexist in a partnership. Extremely weak, primordial magnetic fields were potentially formed through a battery process (e.g., Biermann 1950), or a phase transition in the early Universe (Subramanian 2016(Subramanian , 2019, and, once generated, they are hard to destroy due to the lack of magnetic monopoles (Parker 1970;Beck & Wielebinski 2013;Acharya et al 2022). Instead, turbulent motions of gas exponentially amplify the weak seed fields, growing them through the turbulent dynamo and magnetising the plasma (see McKee et al 2020 for a recent review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy balance and Alfvén Mach numbers in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a large-scale magnetic field

Beattie¹,

Krumholz²,

Skalidis³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Energy equipartition is a powerful theoretical tool for understanding astrophysical plasmas. It is invoked, for example, to measure magnetic fields in the interstellar medium (ISM), as evidence for small-scale turbulent dynamo action, and, in general, to estimate the energy budget of star-forming molecular clouds. In this study we motivate and explore the role of the volume-averaged root-mean-squared (rms) magnetic coupling term between the turbulent, δB and largescale, B 0 fields, (δBV . By considering the second moments of the energy balance equations we show that the rms coupling term is in energy equipartition with the volume-averaged turbulent kinetic energy for turbulence with a sub-Alfvénic large-scale field. Under the assumption of exact energy equipartition between these terms, we derive relations for the magnetic and coupling term fluctuations, which provide excellent, parameter-free agreement with time-averaged data from 280 numerical simulations of compressible MHD turbulence. Furthermore, we explore the relation between the turbulent, mean-field and total Alfvén Mach numbers, and demonstrate that sub-Alfvénic turbulence can only be developed through a strong, large-scale magnetic field, which supports an extremely super-Alfvénic turbulent magnetic field. This means that the magnetic field fluctuations are significantly subdominant to the velocity fluctuations in the sub-Alfvénic large-scale field regime. Throughout our study, we broadly discuss the implications for observations of magnetic fields and understanding the dynamics in the magnetised ISM.

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“…Particles can also be accelerated in shock fronts, bouncing back and forth across the shock, and if shock waves are also present, the acceleration process will be more efficient [6]. It was also shown [7,8] that it is possible to accelerate particles in the vicinity of pulsars even to energies of 10 21 eV. This is a debatable result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiment is observing Pb-Pb collisions producing strong magnetic field in which monopole-antimonopole pairs may be created via tunneling effect. The analysis of the data based on a nonperturbative cross-section calculations allowed to place the (conservative) lower mass limit of 75 GeV for magnetic charges between 1 and 3 Dirac charges produced via Schwinger mechanism [21]. It is clear that magnetic monopole signatures have the potential to be detected and should be sought for.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Issue of Magnetic Monopoles in the Prospect of UHE Photon Searches

Bratek

Jałocha

2022

Universe

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Ultra-high energy (UHE) photons with energies exceeding 1018eV can potentially be observed. They are produced in various processes involving electrically charged particles. However, more exotic scenarios are also possible. UHE photons could be emitted in encounters of massive magnetically charged monopole-antimonopole pairs or in processes associated with monopoles accelerated to high energies, typically 1021eV or beyond. Observing UHE photons can pose constraints on the properties of magnetic monopoles. There are compelling theoretical reasons in favor of the presence of magnetic monopoles in nature. The predicted observational signatures of these particles are therefore searched for in dedicated experiments currently in operation. Despite these attempts, magnetic monopoles have yet to be empirically proved. There are also theoretical reasons why magnetic monopoles allowed by Dirac’s theory might not be realized in nature in the form of isolated particles. Detection or non-detection of UHE photon signatures of magnetic monopoles would bring us closer to solving this fascinating puzzle.

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Search for magnetic monopoles produced via the Schwinger mechanism

Cited by 41 publications

References 66 publications

Advances in QED with intense background fields

Advances in QED with intense background fields

Energy balance and Alfvén Mach numbers in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a large-scale magnetic field

On the Issue of Magnetic Monopoles in the Prospect of UHE Photon Searches

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