Search of brain-enriched proteins in salivary extracellular vesicles for their use as mental disease biomarkers: A pilot study of the neuronal glycoprotein M6a

Monteleone, Melisa Carolina; Billi, Silvia; Viale, Luciano; Catoira, Natalia; Frasch, Alberto C.C.; Brocco, Marcela Adriana

doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100003

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Current diagnostic assessments use symptomatic questionnaires, but have few molecular biomarkers. Given evidence that saliva-derived EVs may be reflective of brain function, recent work investigated their use as biomarkers for general depression and anxiety disorders 79 . The level of M6a protein in EVs was positively correlated with perceived stress scores in patients with depression 79 .…”

Section: Mrna Cargoes As Biomarkers Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given evidence that saliva-derived EVs may be reflective of brain function, recent work investigated their use as biomarkers for general depression and anxiety disorders 79 . The level of M6a protein in EVs was positively correlated with perceived stress scores in patients with depression 79 . The authors reported no significant difference between individuals undergoing treatment and the control groups, suggesting that M6a concentration could be used to evaluate the efficacy of antidepression therapies 79 .…”

Section: Mrna Cargoes As Biomarkers Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular vesicles as carriers of mRNA: Opportunities and challenges in diagnosis and treatment

Kirian,

Steinman,

Jewell

et al. 2024

Theranostics

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all cells in the body. These biological nanoparticles facilitate cellular communication through the transport of diverse cargoes, including small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. mRNA cargoes have gained particular interest given their role in the translation of functional proteins. As a biomarker platform, EVs can be found in nearly all biofluids—blood, mucus, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva—providing real-time insight into parent cell and tissue function. mRNAs carried by EVs are protected from degradation, resulting in improved detection compared to free mRNA, and recent work demonstrates promising results in using these mRNA cargoes as biomarkers for cancer, neurological diseases, infectious diseases, and gynecologic and obstetric outcomes. Furthermore, given the innate cargo carrying, targeting, and barrier crossing abilities of EVs, these structures have been proposed as therapeutic carriers of mRNA. Recent advances demonstrate methods for loading mRNAs into EVs for a range of disease indications. Here, we review recent studies using EVs and their mRNA cargoes as diagnostics and therapeutics. We discuss challenges associated with EVs in diagnostic and therapeutic applications and highlight opportunities for future development.

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Section: Mrna Cargoes As Biomarkers Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mrna Cargoes As Biomarkers Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles as carriers of mRNA: Opportunities and challenges in diagnosis and treatment

Kirian,

Steinman,

Jewell

et al. 2024

Theranostics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mental disorders have attracted attention due to their high incidence in recent years. Some researchers have selected potential biomarkers by analyzing the proteomics of sEVs [148,149]. In a study, 10 candidate proteins related to emotional disorders were identified in sEVs, and it was found that the level of neuronal glycoprotein M6a (GPM6a) was positively correlated with the stress level in depressed individuals.…”

Section: Mental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: Biomarkers and Beyond in Human Diseases

Wu,

Liu,

Jia

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Extracellular vesicles, as bioactive molecules, have been extensively studied. There are abundant studies in the literature on their biogenesis, secretion, structure, and content, and their roles in pathophysiological processes. Extracellular vesicles have been reviewed as biomarkers for use in diagnostic tools. Saliva contains many extracellular vesicles, and compared with other body fluids, it is easier to obtain in a non-invasive way, making its acquisition more easily accepted by patients. In recent years, there have been numerous new studies investigating the role of salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers. These studies have significant implications for future clinical diagnosis. Therefore, in this paper, we summarize and review the potential applications of salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers, and we also describe their other functions (e.g., hemostasis, innate immune defense) in both oral and non-oral diseases.

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“…Furthermore, depressed patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors showed a reduction of M6a levels in saliva compared to depressed patients under benzodiazepine treatment or no treatment at all. As a result, M6a was proposed as a mood disorder biomarker ( Monteleone et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: M6a In Synapse Function and Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Glycoprotein M6a: An Emerging Molecule in Chemical Synapse Formation and Dysfunction

León

Aparicio

Scorticati

2021

Front. Synaptic Neurosci.

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The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders show that most of them can be categorized as synaptopathies—or damage of synaptic function and plasticity. Synaptic formation and maintenance are orchestrated by protein complexes that are in turn regulated in space and time during neuronal development allowing synaptic plasticity. However, the exact mechanisms by which these processes are managed remain unknown. Large-scale genomic and proteomic projects led to the discovery of new molecules and their associated variants as disease risk factors. Neuronal glycoprotein M6a, encoded by the GPM6A gene is emerging as one of these molecules. M6a has been involved in neuron development and synapse formation and plasticity, and was also recently proposed as a gene-target in various neuropsychiatric disorders where it could also be used as a biomarker. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and molecular mechanisms by which glycoprotein M6a participates in synapse formation and maintenance. We also review evidence collected from patients carrying mutations in the GPM6A gene; animal models, and in vitro studies that together emphasize the relevance of M6a, particularly in synapses and in neurological conditions.

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Search of brain-enriched proteins in salivary extracellular vesicles for their use as mental disease biomarkers: A pilot study of the neuronal glycoprotein M6a

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Extracellular vesicles as carriers of mRNA: Opportunities and challenges in diagnosis and treatment

Extracellular vesicles as carriers of mRNA: Opportunities and challenges in diagnosis and treatment

Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: Biomarkers and Beyond in Human Diseases

Neuronal Glycoprotein M6a: An Emerging Molecule in Chemical Synapse Formation and Dysfunction

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