Searching for allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton—state of the art and open questions

Gross, Elisabeth Maria; Hilt, Sabine; Lombardo, Paola; Mulderij, G.E.

doi:10.1007/s10750-007-0591-z

Cited by 134 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These differential effects are in line with the general consensus that allelopathic effects can be highly species-specific (Gross, Hilt, Lombardo, & Mulderij, 2007;K€ orner & Nicklisch, 2002;Le Rouzic et al, 2016;van Donk & van de Bund, 2002). Ludwigia hexapetala strongly repressed the non-toxic M. aeruginosa strain photosynthetic activity and, on the contrary, stimulated toxic M. aeruginosa in spring and S. communis strains in autumn.…”

Section: Allelopathic Effects Of Leaf Aqueous Extracts On Phytoplansupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Phenolic compounds are currently the compounds most consistently related to allelopathic interactions in freshwater ecosystems (Gross, 2003;Iason, Dicke, & Hartley, 2012;Leu, Krieger-Liszkay, Goussias, & Gross, 2002), including the induction of allelopathic effects by aquatic plants against phytoplankton (Bauer et al, 2009;Gross et al, 2007;Grutters et al, 2017) or between aquatic plant species (Dandelot et al, 2008;Elakovitch & Wooten, 1989 The seed germination of L. hexapetala was stimulated by the myricitrin and prunin that are released in its leaf aqueous extracts.…”

Section: Allelopathic Effects Of Pure Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal dependence and functional implications of macrophyte–phytoplankton allelopathic interactions

2018

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Invasive plant species such as Ludwigia hexapetala might have a competitive advantage if they produce allelopathically active compounds against primary producers. Both phytoplankton and plant community structure may be affected due to different, species‐specific sensitivity to allelochemicals. Moreover, such allelopathic interactions could vary over the year depending on (i) the plant's phenological stage and (ii) the abilities of the native macrophytes to suppress—or the non‐native macrophytes to stimulate—the non‐native macrophyte population. We tested the allelopathic effects of aqueous leaf extracts of L. hexapetala on the photosynthetic activity of three target phytoplankton strains (Scenedesmus communis, a toxic Microcystis aeruginosa strain and a non‐toxic Microcystis aeruginosa strain) over three seasons of development (spring, summer and autumn). We also tested seasonal allelopathic effects of aqueous leaf extracts of both L. hexapetala (i.e. the non‐native invasive species) and the native Mentha aquatica on L. hexapetala seed germination. Finally, we identified three main secondary compounds present in the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hexapetala and we tested each individual compound on the phytoplankton's photosynthetic activity and on L. hexapetala seed germination. We observed marked seasonal and species‐specific patterns of L. hexapetala allelopathy on phytoplankton. The photosynthetic activities of S. communis and the toxic M. aeruginosa strain were stimulated by L. hexapetala aqueous leaf extracts in autumn and spring, respectively, whereas the non‐toxic M. aeruginosa strain was strongly inhibited in these two seasons. In summer, photosynthesis of all phytoplankton strains was inhibited. The germination rate of L. hexapetala seeds was stimulated by both L. hexapetala and M. aquatica aqueous leaf extracts, especially in summer, concomitant with the strong negative effects observed on the three phytoplankton strains. Three flavonoid glycosides (myricitrin, prunin and quercitrin) were identified as the main secondary compounds present in the L. hexapetala aqueous leaf extracts. The photosynthetic activity of S. communis was slightly stimulated by the three compounds. The photosynthetic activity of the toxic M. aeruginosa strain was stimulated by myricitrin and quercitrin, whereas that of the non‐toxic M. aeruginosa strain was inhibited by prunin. Finally, the germination rate and the germination velocity of L. hexapetala seeds were stimulated by myricitrin and prunin. These findings suggest that L. hexapetala could favour the photosynthetic activity of toxic cyanobacteria in spring and reduce their photosynthetic activity in summer, potentially leading to drastic changes in the phytoplankton communities and therewith ecological functioning of invaded ponds. Moreover, the stimulation of its seed germination could give a strong competitive advantage to L. hexapetala, thus promoting its invasiveness.

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Section: Allelopathic Effects Of Leaf Aqueous Extracts On Phytoplansupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Allelopathic Effects Of Pure Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal dependence and functional implications of macrophyte–phytoplankton allelopathic interactions

2018

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“…UV exposure of macrophytes products of degradation in Lake Mangueira has been demonstrated to decrease bacterial production, possibly by formation of H 2 O 2 (They et al, submitted). The release of allelopathic substances by (mainly submersed) macrophytes is widely known (Gross et al, 2007; Mulderij et al, 2007), and has been considered as a possible explanation for lower bacterial diversity (Wu et al, 2007) and metabolism (They et al, 2010) in areas extensively colonized by macrophytes. We have data on Fe and silicate from the extensive campaigns that were not included in the results because they are out of objectives of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Respiration in the Littoral Zone of a Subtropical Shallow Lake

2013

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Macrophytes are important sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to littoral zones of lakes, but this DOC is believed to be mostly refractory to bacteria, leading to the hypothesis that bacterial metabolism is different in littoral and pelagic zones of a large subtropical shallow lake. We tested this hypothesis by three approaches: (I) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) accumulation in littoral and pelagic water; (II) O2 consumption estimate for a cloud of points (n = 47) covering the entire lake; (III) measurement of O2 consumption and CO2 accumulation in dark bottles, pCO2 in the water, lake-atmosphere fluxes of CO2 (fCO2) and a large set of limnological variables at 19 sampling points (littoral and pelagic zones) during seven extensive campaigns. For the first two approaches, DIC and O2 consumption were consistently lower in the littoral zone, and O2 consumption increased marginally with the distance to the nearest shore. For the third approach, we found in the littoral zone consistently lower DOC, total phosphorus (TP), and chlorophyll a, and a higher proportion of low-molecular-weight substances. Regression trees confirmed that high respiration (O2 consumption and CO2 production) was associated to lower concentration of low-molecular-weight substances, while pCO2 was associated to DOC and TP, confirming that CO2 supersaturation occurs in an attempt to balance phosphorus deficiency of macrophyte substrates. Littoral zone fCO2 showed a tendency to be a CO2 sink, whereas the pelagic zone showed a tendency to act as CO2 source to the atmosphere. The high proportion of low-molecular-weight, unreactive substances, together with lower DOC and TP may impose lower rates of respiration in littoral zones. This effect of perennial stands of macrophytes may therefore have important, but not yet quantified implications for the global carbon metabolism of these lakes, but other issues still need to be carefully addressed before rejecting the general belief that macrophytes are always beneficial to bacteria.

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“…In the conditions of extremely high floodings, the whole floodplain area was inundated (Fig. 1c) and the lake became the deepest part of a single large shallow water body with mass developed submerged macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum L., Myriophyllum spicatum L. and Potamogeton (Van Donk et al 1993;Dokulil et al 2006), producing allelopathic substances that inhibit the growth of phytoplankton (Gross et al 2007), decreasing underwater light availability (Cattaneo et al 1998), and/or creating an environment that favors small phytoplankton taxa that are easily grazed by zooplankton (Muylaert et al 2006). Altogether, our data showed that the clear water state of the investigated lake was unstable as was expected under very high nutrient loadings (Janse et al 2008).…”

Section: Ordinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacterial blooms in a temperate river-floodplain ecosystem: the importance of hydrological extremes

Mihaljević

Stević

2011

Aquat Ecol

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In the past decade, extreme hydrological events were expressed with extreme droughts and floods in temperate regions. The aim of this paper is to explain how such changes in hydrology can influence cyanobacterial populations in floodplain ecosystems. We therefore analyzed a 6-year (2003-2008) study of the phytoplankton in the Kopački Rit floodplain, one of the largest natural floodplains in the middle section of the Danube River (Europe). During the studied period, the shallow floodplain lake shifted between a state of turbid water, characterized by high phytoplankton biomass and regular appearance of cyanobacteria blooms, to a state of clear water with very low phytoplankton biomass and absence of cyanobacteria, and back to the turbid state. Apparently, the major forces driving the cyclic shift were closely related to extremely high and long-lasting flood events. Significant increase in water level, low hydraulic residence time of water, decrease in transparency and low-light climate, together with mass developed aquatic macrophyte vegetation in the whole inundated floodplain were unfavorable conditions for growth and proliferation of cyanobacteria. With the establishment of the flood regime characterized by long-lasting periods without flooding, in-lake processes prevailed leading to cyanobacterial bloom. The most successful were filamentous non-N-fixing cyanobacteria tolerant to mixed and low-light conditions (Planktothrix and Limnothrix) and invasive species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Their massive development led to the establishment of a phytoplankton steady state. All our results demonstrate that the altered intensity and frequency of flood events will have pronounced effects on the appearance of cyanobacterial blooms and generally on alternative stable states in the floodplain. Relating to this, management objectives should be focused on qualifications of changes in hydrology and projecting those effects for potential floodplain restoration.

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Searching for allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton—state of the art and open questions

Cited by 134 publications

References 57 publications

Seasonal dependence and functional implications of macrophyte–phytoplankton allelopathic interactions

Seasonal dependence and functional implications of macrophyte–phytoplankton allelopathic interactions

Lower Respiration in the Littoral Zone of a Subtropical Shallow Lake

Cyanobacterial blooms in a temperate river-floodplain ecosystem: the importance of hydrological extremes

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