Searching for cognitively optimal challenge point in physical activity for children with typical and atypical motor development

Pesce, Caterina; Crova, Claudia; Marchetti, Rosalba; Struzzolino, Ilaria; Masci, Ilaria; Vannozzi, Giuseppe; Forte, Roberta

doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2013.07.001

Cited by 89 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Our results are in line with previous research proving that coordinative exercise is effective to improve attention and concentration only in normally psycho-physically developed children (Budde et al, 2008;Pesce et al, 2013) and increases the understanding of the complex relation between coordinative performance and cognitive processes (Budde et al, 2008;Swagerman et al, 2015;van der Fels et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Correlation between Cognitive Functions and Motor Coordination in Children with Different Cognitive Levels

Invernizzi¹,

Crotti²,

Bosio³

et al. 2018

APE

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Cognitive development is related with central nervous system maturation and plays a crucial role for the definition of executive functions such as movement imagination, movement planning and problem-solving. In particular, executive functions are required during complex interactions between players/environment and are also fundamental for motor skills coordination. Although the complex interaction between cognitive and physical outcomes was recognized by several authors, few studies examined the magnitude of the relation between executive functions and motor development according to different stages of cognitive maturation. Thus the aim was the assessment of the relationships between motor skills coordination and executive functions in children with different cognitive level. Ninety healthy male participants were involved in the study where children affected by Down syndrome were, also, recruited. The participants were divided into three groups according to classification of Piaget: concrete, formal operational groups and Down syndrome individuals. Executive functions were assessed using a validated computerized battery tests while motor skills was evaluated using the Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder. Analysis of variance by ranks (Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test) and Mann-Whitney U pairwise comparisons with Dunn's correction for multiple contrasts were applied to assess the differences concerning the two kinds of outcome. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to calculate the correlation between physical performance and the outcomes of the cognitive tests. A Spearman correlation was used to analyze the data when the assumption of normality was violated. The three groups showed differences in both executive functions and motor coordination outcomes. The highest number of significant correlations was found in the formal operational group (correlation coefficients ranging between −0.999 and

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Correlation between Cognitive Functions and Motor Coordination in Children with Different Cognitive Levels

Invernizzi¹,

Crotti²,

Bosio³

et al. 2018

APE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Haapala et al [112] recently found children, aged 6-8 years, with poor motor skill competence also exhibited worse cognition, and this relationship was more pronounced in boys. The effect of motor skill interventions on cognitive and executive functioning is limited, but emerging findings are also positive [113][114][115]. Examining whether improved cognition and executive function outcomes in children result from both persistent PA (i.e., due to the act of PA) as well as cognitive neural development associated with various types of context-specific motor development warrants further attention [116][117][118].…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Competence and its Effect on Positive Developmental Trajectories of Health

et al. 2015

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In 2008, Stodden and colleagues took a unique developmental approach toward addressing the potential role of motor competence in promoting positive or negative trajectories of physical activity, health-related fitness, and weight status. The conceptual model proposed synergistic relationships among physical activity, motor competence, perceived motor competence, health-related physical fitness, and obesity with associations hypothesized to strengthen over time. At the time the model was proposed, limited evidence was available to support or refute the model hypotheses. Over the past 6 years, the number of investigations exploring these relationships has increased significantly. Thus, it is an appropriate time to examine published data that directly or indirectly relate to specific pathways noted in the conceptual model. Evidence indicates that motor competence is positively associated with perceived competence and multiple aspects of health (i.e., physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and a healthy weight status). However, questions related to the increased strength of associations across time and antecedent/consequent mechanisms remain. An individual's physical and psychological development is a complex and multifaceted process that synergistically evolves across time. Understanding the most salient factors that influence health and well-being and how relationships among these factors change across time is a critical need for future research in this area. This knowledge could aid in addressing the declining levels of physical activity and fitness along with the increasing rates of obesity across childhood and adolescence.

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“…People have paid little attention to the possibility that the cognitive components of the exercise activity might be the main contributors to any EF benefit (exceptions include: Moreau et al 2015; & Pesce et al, 2013). This is despite many calls to pay attention to the cognitive components (Best, 2010; Moreau & Conway, 2013; Pesce, 2012; Sibley & Etnier, 2003; Tomporowski, Davis, Miller, & Naglieri, 2008; Tomporowski et al, 2015).…”

Section: Interventions Programs and Approaches To Improving Efsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not

Diamond

Ling

2016

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

799

683

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The ‘Executive Functions’ (EFs) of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility enable us to think before we act, resist temptations or habitual reactions, stay focused, mentally play with ideas, reason, problem-solve, flexibly adjust to changed demands or priorities, and see things from new and different perspectives. These skills are critical for success in all life’s aspects. They are sometimes more predictive than even IQ or socioeconomic status. Understandably, there is great interest in improving EFs. It’s now clear they can be improved at any age through training and practice, much as physical exercise hones physical fitness. It also appears though, despite claims to the contrary, that wide transfer does not seem to occur and aerobic exercise per se does little to improve EFs. Important questions remain including: Are benefits just ephemeral and superficial? How much can EFs be improved and how long can benefits be sustained? What are the best methods for improving EFs? What about an approach accounts for its success? Do the answers to any of these differ by individual characteristics such as age or gender? Since stress, sadness, loneliness, or poor health impair EFs, and the reverse enhances EFs, I predict that approaches that not only directly train EFs but also indirectly support EFs by addressing emotional, social, and physical needs will be the most successful at improving EFs.

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Searching for cognitively optimal challenge point in physical activity for children with typical and atypical motor development

Cited by 89 publications

References 45 publications

Correlation between Cognitive Functions and Motor Coordination in Children with Different Cognitive Levels

Correlation between Cognitive Functions and Motor Coordination in Children with Different Cognitive Levels

Motor Competence and its Effect on Positive Developmental Trajectories of Health

Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not

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