Searching for evidence in public health emergencies: a white paper of best practices

Abstract

Objectives: Information professionals have supported medical providers, administrators and decision-makers, and guideline creators in the COVID-19 response. Searching COVID-19 literature presented new challenges, including the volume and heterogeneity of literature and the proliferation of new information sources, and exposed existing issues in metadata and publishing. An expert panel developed best practices, including recommendations, elaborations, and examples, for searching during public health emergencies. Methods: Project directors and advisors developed core elements from experience and literature. Experts, identified by affiliation with evidence synthesis groups, COVID-19 search experience, and nomination, responded to an online survey to reach consensus on core elements. Expert participants provided written responses to guiding questions. A synthesis of responses provided the foundation for focus group discussions. A writing group then drafted the best practices into a statement. Experts reviewed the statement prior to dissemination. Results: Twelve information professionals contributed to best practice recommendations on six elements: core resources, search strategies, publication types, transparency and reproducibility, collaboration, and conducting research. Underlying principles across recommendations include timeliness, openness, balance, preparedness, and responsiveness. Conclusions: The authors and experts anticipate the recommendations for searching for evidence during public health emergencies will help information specialists, librarians, evidence synthesis groups, researchers, and decision-makers respond to future public health emergencies, including but not limited to disease outbreaks. The recommendations complement existing guidance by addressing concerns specific to emergency response. The statement is intended as a living document. Future revisions should solicit input from a broader community and reflect conclusions of meta-research on COVID-19 and health emergencies.

Designing, refining and reflecting on 3 years of daily evidence surveillance for Australia's living national COVID‐19 guidelines

“…It is reassuring that our approach encapsulated several of the principles published in a recent white paper from the Best Practices for Searching During Public Health Emergencies Working Group [27]. Principles such as timeliness (considering urgency, trade‐offs and efficiencies), balance (combination of new and traditional tools) and responsiveness (maintaining situational awareness and flexibility) underpinned our search surveillance methods.…”

Features of databases that supported searching for rapid evidence synthesis during COVID-19: implications for future public health emergencies

“…Complementary work has been completed by the Library Reserves Corps and their series of recommendations on Best Practices for Searching During Public Health Emergencies [ 38 ]. The RES’s methods align with these recommendations, including searching both traditional and emerging sources of evidence and using various sources to capture the latest terminology [ 38 ]. To achieve this, it was especially valuable for evidence sources to be transparent about their methods.…”