Searching for high performance asymmetrically substituted teterazine energetic materials based on 3-hydrazino-6-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylimino)-s-tetrazine

Elaborating NH-Bridged Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Materials via Base-Mediated Dimroth Rearrangement: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Study

“…Moreover, employing diverse energy bridges, such as −NH− or − NHNH−, to interconnect two or more energetic rings enhances thermal stability through σ−π hyperconjugation, facilitated by the lone pair of electrons on a nitrogen atom and N-rich heterocyclic backbone. 24,25 Although the existing literature suggests limited exploration of NH-bridged energetic materials, a few reports have been published in this field. 26,27 In 2008, Klapoẗke and co-workers synthesized −NH− bridged energetic material, namely, 5,5′-bis(1H-tetrazolyl) amine monohydrate (H 2 bta.H 2 O), through an acid-catalyzed cycloaddition between sodium azide and sodium dicyanamide, as shown in Figure 1.…”

“…Considering the outlined strategies, incorporating these building blocks with stabilized amino groups into the molecular structures of various energetic materials emerges as a promising approach to designing state-of-the-art energetic compounds. Moreover, employing diverse energy bridges, such as –NH– or –NHNH–, to interconnect two or more energetic rings enhances thermal stability through σ–π hyperconjugation, facilitated by the lone pair of electrons on a nitrogen atom and N-rich heterocyclic backbone. , Although the existing literature suggests limited exploration of NH-bridged energetic materials, a few reports have been published in this field. , In 2008, Klapötke and co-workers synthesized –NH– bridged energetic material, namely, 5,5′-bis­(1 H -tetrazolyl) amine monohydrate (H 2 bta.H 2 O), through an acid-catalyzed cycloaddition between sodium azide and sodium dicyanamide, as shown in Figure . Unfortunately, achieving its anhydrous form requires the reaction to be subjected to heating at 120 °C under elevated pressure.…”

Construction of High-Performance Energetic MOFs: C4N8O42– and C3N4O42– with Their Derivatives, Compared with Their Energetic Salts

“…To improve the total energy of the entire compound, energetic cations such as NH 4 + , N 2 H 5 + , NH 3 OH + , and diaminoguanidine cations are usually reacted with energetic anions to formulate EM salts. ,,, Figure shows the structure of 1-(trinitromethyl)-1 H -1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid with its energetic salts . Although these energetic cations may lead to a high detonation performance with low sensitivities (impact sensitivity (IS) and friction sensitivity (FS)), as is shown in Figure , compounds 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 achieve a higher IS and FS than 5J and 100N of compound 1 , respectively, probably originating from the hydrogen bonds (HBs) and π–π interactions inside the Ems, and it would regularly decrease the density of the entire molecule and reduce its thermal stability, particularly the decomposition temperature (compound 1 achieves the highest T d of 137 °C among 1 – 5 in Figure ).…”

“…Among them, tetrazole (N % 81, Δ H f 333.2 KJ mol –1 ) ,, and 1,2,3-triazole (N % 61, Δ H f 233.71 KJ mol –1 ) , are among the highest energetic rings for building up highly energetic compounds. However, tetrazole; 1,2,3-triazole; and other acidic functional groups are all acid groups to an extent. − Hence, salts instead of original molecules are better with more application prospects.…”