Searching for ivermectin resistance in a Strongylidae population of horses stabled in Poland

Żak, Agnieszka; Siwińska, Natalia; Słowikowska, Malwina; Borowicz, Hieronim; Kubiak, Krzysztof; Hildebrand, Joanna; Popiołek, Marcin; Niedźwiedź, Artur

doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1133-1

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Comparable results have been described in a Lithuanian report in 2006 [ 19 ], where a 100% efficacy of IVM against strongyle was shown in a group of ten study horses. In Estonian investigations, FECR after treating horses with IVM was 100% [ 17 ], 100% in Latvia [ 41 ], 99.9% in Poland [ 42 ] and 99% in Sweden [ 18 ]. However, there have been few reports describing incidences of reduced efficacy of IVM against cyathostomin nematodes [ 14 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic resistance of horse strongyle nematodes to ivermectin and pyrantel in Lithuania

et al. 2021

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Background With intensive use of anthelmintic drugs in recent decades, anthelmintic resistance (AR) in horse nematodes is becoming a growing issue in many countries. However, there is little available information about the parasites, treatment practices or AR in the horse population in Lithuania. The aim of this study was to assess the current situation of AR on horse farms in Lithuania. The study was conducted in 25 stables on horses with a strongyle faecal egg count (FEC) of ≥ 200 eggs per gram. A faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed on each farm after administration of ivermectin (IVM) or pyrantel (PYR). Results The efficacy of IVM was comparatively high, with 98.8% of 250 horses having a zero egg count 14 days after treatment. Two conditions were used to interpret the FECRT results for PYR: firstly, resistance was determined when FECR was < 90% and the lower 95% confidence interval (LCL) was < 80%, and secondly when in addition the upper confidence level (UCL) was < 95%. Under the first condition, resistance against PYR was found in five stables (25% of all tested herds), while when considering the UCL as well, resistance was only detected in two stables (8%). The FEC showed a significant (P < 0.01) difference between the treatment and control groups. Only cyathostomin larvae were detected in larval cultures derived from strongyle-positive faecal samples collected 14 days after treatment of a test group with PYR. Conclusions This in vivo study showed that PYR resistance is prevalent on horse farms in Lithuania, while the efficacy of IVM still appears to be unaffected. However, further studies of ivermectin resistance are needed. These findings should guide the implementation of more sustainable management of strongyle infections in horses in Lithuania.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic resistance of horse strongyle nematodes to ivermectin and pyrantel in Lithuania

et al. 2021

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“…The data were acquired using three possible methods; 1) FECRs already calculated by the study authors, 2) FECRs calculated from fecal egg count data presented in data tables, or 3) FECRs calculated from fecal egg count data estimated from graphs included in the publications. A few ERP publications did not include a presentation of fecal egg count or FECR data in any form ( Jacobs et al, 1995 ; Little et al, 2003 ; Daniels and Proudman, 2016b ; Zak et al, 2017 ), and were, thus, not included in this exercise. In total, 36 studies provided data describing ivermectin ERP ( Table 2 ) and 23 studies documented moxidectin ERP ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Cyathostominsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes: Current status and emerging trends

Nielsen¹

2022

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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“…eggs in equine feces. FEC was performed with a modified McMaster method, as has been described before [ 13 ]. This method was chosen because it is one of the most practical ways to estimate the level of infection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method was chosen because it is one of the most practical ways to estimate the level of infection. Briefly, the fecal examination was performed, followed by centrifugation—an enhanced method using a sugar–salt flotation solution with a specific gravity of 1.3 g/mL [ 13 ]. The detection limit of the method was 20 eggs per gram (EPG) [ 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostasis of the Intestinal Mucosa in Healthy Horses—Correlation between the Fecal Microbiome, Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Fecal Egg Count

Żak

Bajzert

Sambor

et al. 2022

Animals

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The defensive function of the intestinal mucosa depends both on the ability to secrete immunoglobulin A and communication with the mucus microbiome. In horses, the functioning of this system is also influenced by the presence of nematode eggs. Feces collected from healthy horses were examined to determine the fecal egg count, immunoglobulin A level (ELISA), microbiome composition (Next-Generation Sequencing, NGS, V3–V4 and V7–V9 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene analysis and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production ((high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC). In the taxonomic analysis within the phylum, the following order of dominance was found: Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota and Fibrobacterota. The coefficient of phylogenetic diversity of the microbiome positively correlated with both secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) [μg/g of feces] (p = 0.0354, r = 0.61) and SIgA [μg/mg of fecal protein] (p = 0.0382, r = 0.6) and with the number of Cyathostomum eggs (p = 0.0023, r = 0.79). Important components of the key microbiome in horses, such as phylum Proteobacteria and species Ruminococcus flavefaciens, were positively correlated with the fecal SIgA (p < 0.05). All the obtained results indicate the existence of significant relationships between the host response (SIgA production) and composition and SCFA production in the microbiome as well as the presence of small strongyles in the digestive tract of horses.

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Searching for ivermectin resistance in a Strongylidae population of horses stabled in Poland

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Anthelmintic resistance of horse strongyle nematodes to ivermectin and pyrantel in Lithuania

Anthelmintic resistance of horse strongyle nematodes to ivermectin and pyrantel in Lithuania

Anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes: Current status and emerging trends

Homeostasis of the Intestinal Mucosa in Healthy Horses—Correlation between the Fecal Microbiome, Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Fecal Egg Count

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