Season‐specific and guild‐specific effects of anthropogenic landscape modification on metacommunity structure of tropical bats

Cisneros, Laura M.; Fagan, Matthew E.; Willig, Michael R.

doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12299

Cited by 61 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…; Cisneros et al. ). Hence, we can expect that different metacommunity structures might emerge in our study system when sampled in different times of the year or in different years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Complex metacommunity structure for benthic invertebrates in a low‐diversity coastal system

Valanko

Heino

Westerbom

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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The majority of studies in metacommunity ecology have focused on systems other than marine benthic ecosystems, thereby providing an impetus to broaden the focus of metacommunity research to comprise marine systems. These systems are more open than many other systems and may thus exhibit relatively less discrete patterns in community structure across space. Metacommunity structure of soft‐sediment benthic invertebrates was examined using a fine‐grained (285 sites) data set collected during one summer across a large spatial extent (1700 km2). We applied the elements of metacommunity structure (EMS) approach, allowing multiple hypothesis of variation in community structure to be tested. We demonstrated several patterns associated with environmental variation and associated processes that could simultaneously assemble species to occur at the sites. A quasi‐Clementsian pattern was observed frequently, suggesting interdependent ecological relationships among species or similar response to an underlying environmental gradient across sites. A quasi‐nested clumped species loss pattern was also observed, which suggests nested habitat specialization. Species richness declined with depth (from 0.5 to 44.8 m). We argue that sensitive species may survive in shallower water, which are more stable with regard to oxygen conditions and present greater habitat complexity, in contrast to deeper waters, which may experience periodic disturbance due to hypoxia. Future studies should better integrate disturbance in terms of temporal dynamics and dispersal rates in the EMS approach. We highlight that shallow water sites may act as sources of recruitment to deeper water sites that are relatively more prone to periodic disturbances due to hypoxia. However, these shallow sites are not currently monitored and should be better prioritized in future conservation strategies in marine systems.

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“…; Cisneros et al. ). Hence, we can expect that different metacommunity structures might emerge in our study system when sampled in different times of the year or in different years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Complex metacommunity structure for benthic invertebrates in a low‐diversity coastal system

Valanko

Heino

Westerbom

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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“…In this sense, our selected metrics of fragmentation, habitat loss and edge are more directly related to our hypotheses and to the literature on landscape ecology (see Boscolo & Paul Metzger ; Carrara et al . ; Cisneros, Fagan & Willig ,b; Rocha‐Santos et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We analysed the effects of landscape configuration and composition on each phylogenetic metric using generalized linear models (GLMs), with Gaussian error and an identity link (normality was tested and confirmed by the Shapiro–Wilk test), as implemented in the ‘glm’ function from stats package. Thus, our GLM related each metric of phylogenetic diversity (PD, MPD and MNTD) and phylogenetic structure (sesPD, sesMPD and sesMNTD), as response variables, with all metrics of landscape configuration and composition (Cisneros, Fagan & Willig ,b), as explanatory (predictor) variables. However, multicollinearity between predictor variables was confirmed by Spearman correlation analysis (see Table S4), and any pair of explanatory variables that have a high correlation ( r ≥ 0.6) were included in separate models and subjected to selection of the best model (Magrach, Santamaría & Larrigana ; The Akaike information criterion of second order (AICc indicated for small sample sizes), with ∆AICc ≤ 2, was used to select our best models (Burnham, Anderson & Huyvaert ), although we also consider all selected models.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of landscape configuration and composition on phylogenetic diversity of trees in a highly fragmented tropical forest

et al. 2016

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Summary1. Fragmentation of tropical forests is a major driver of the global extinction crisis. A key question is understanding how fragmentation impacts phylogenetic diversity, which summarizes the total evolutionary history shared across species within a community. Conserving phylogenetic diversity decreases the potential of losing unique ecological and phenotypic traits and plays important roles in maintaining ecosystem function and stability. 2. Our study was conducted in landscapes within the highly fragmented Brazilian Atlantic forest. We sampled living trees with d.b.h. ≥ 4.8 cm in 0.1 ha plots within 28 fragment interiors and 12 fragment edges to evaluate the impacts of landscape configuration, composition and patch size, as well as edge effects, on phylogenetic diversity indices (PD, a measure of phylogenetic richness; MPD, phylogenetic distance between individuals in a community in deep evolutionary time; and MNTD, phylogenetic distance between each individual and its nearest phylogenetic neighbour). 3. We found that PD and MPD were correlated with species richness, while MNTD was not. Best models suggest that MPD was positively related to edge density and negatively related to the number of forest patches, but that there was no effect of landscape configuration and composition metrics on PD or MNTD, or on standardized values of phylogenetic structure (sesPD, sesMPD and sesMNTD), which control for species richness. Considering all selected models for phylogenetic diversity and structure, edge density and number of forest patches were most frequently selected. 4. With increasing patch size, we found lower PD in interiors but no change at edges and lower sesMNTD regardless of habitat type. Additionally, PD and sesMNTD were higher in interiors than at edges. 5. Synthesis. Changes in MPD and sesMNTD suggest that extirpation of species at edges or in highly fragmented landscapes increases the dominance of species within a subset of clades (phylogenetic clustering), likely those adapted to disturbance. Smaller patch sizes are phylogenetically diverse and overdispersed, probably due to an invasion of edge-adapted species. Conservation must enhance patch area and connectivity via forest restoration; pivotally, even small forest patches are important reservoirs of phylogenetic diversity in the highly threatened Brazilian Atlantic forest.

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“…However, these differences should be commonplace as tropical bats must also balance their sex‐specific energy requirements with the spatiotemporal variability of resources and the compositional and configurational heterogeneity of the landscape (Cisneros et al . , Ferreira et al . ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their responses have been found to be scale‐sensitive, highly species‐ and ensemble‐specific and to vary according to seasonal variation in resource abundance (Cisneros et al . , Arroyo‐Rodríguez et al . , Chambers et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does sex matter? Gender‐specific responses to forest fragmentation in Neotropical bats

et al. 2017

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Understanding the consequences of habitat modification on wildlife communities is central to the development of conservation strategies. However, albeit male and female individuals of numerous species are known to exhibit differences in habitat use, sex‐specific responses to habitat modification remain little explored. Here, we used a landscape‐scale fragmentation experiment to assess, separately for males and females, the effects of fragmentation on the abundance of Carollia perspicillata and Rhinophylla pumilio, two widespread Neotropical frugivorous bats. We predicted that sex‐specific responses would arise from higher energetic requirements from pregnancy and lactation in females. Analyses were conducted independently for each season, and we further investigated the joint responses to local and landscape‐scale metrics of habitat quality, composition, and configuration. Although males and females responded similarly to a fragmentation gradient composed by continuous forest, fragment interiors, edges, and matrix habitats, we found marked differences between sexes in habitat use for at least one of the seasons. Whereas the sex ratio varied little in continuous forest and fragment interiors, females were found to be more abundant than males in edge and matrix habitats. This difference was more prominent in the dry season, the reproductive season of both species. For both species, abundance responses to local‐ and landscape‐scale predictors differed between sexes and again, differences were more pronounced in the dry season. The results suggest considerable sex‐mediated responses to forest disruption and degradation in tropical bats and complement our understanding of the impacts of fragmentation on tropical forest vertebrate communities.

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Season‐specific and guild‐specific effects of anthropogenic landscape modification on metacommunity structure of tropical bats

Cited by 61 publications

References 74 publications

Complex metacommunity structure for benthic invertebrates in a low‐diversity coastal system

Complex metacommunity structure for benthic invertebrates in a low‐diversity coastal system

Effects of landscape configuration and composition on phylogenetic diversity of trees in a highly fragmented tropical forest

Does sex matter? Gender‐specific responses to forest fragmentation in Neotropical bats

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