Seasonal Abundance of Waste Corn and Soybeans in Illinois

Warner, Richard E.; Havera, Stephen P.; David, Larry M.; Siemers, R.

doi:10.2307/3801321

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Our review indicated abundance of waste rice seeds in harvested fields was generally less than abundance of waste corn (Zea mays) in newly-harvested fields in Texas (343 kg/ ha; Baldassarre and Bolen 1984) (Warner et al 1989). Moreover, waste rice abundance was typically less than that of natural seeds found in moist-soil wetlands.…”

Section: Rice Seedsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Avian Foods, Foraging and Habitat Conservation in World Rice Fields

2010

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Section: Rice Seedsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Avian Foods, Foraging and Habitat Conservation in World Rice Fields

2010

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“…Additionally, the landscape of central Illinois was dominated by agriculture and harvested crop fields were abundant during our study. Despite evidence that waste grain in agricultural fields has declined since the 1970s (Warner et al 1989, Krapu et al 2004, Foster et al 2010, the relatively short distances traveled on evening foraging flights in the IRV may suggest that adequate evening foraging opportunities existed near wetlands used during daytime, or a combination of factors (e.g., hunting and disturbance) or site-specific influences, such as foraging thresholds due to predation risks, opportunity costs, or forager condition Kaminski 2015, Hagy et al 2017), may have limited the distance traveled by mallards during our study. We documented high mortality rates during autumn migration through our study area (28.2-32.3%) with most mortality associated with hunting (69.6-85.0%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mallard survival, movements, and habitat use during autumn in Illinois

et al. 2017

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The Illinois River Valley (IRV) in central Illinois, USA, provides migratory stopover habitat for millions of waterfowl during autumn and spring in the Mississippi Flyway. Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are the most abundant species of waterfowl during autumn migration and the most harvested duck in Illinois. We investigated mallard migration ecology in central Illinois, USA, to address information needs of biologists and managers in the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lake Region Joint Venture and Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Our objectives were to document daily movements and identify factors affecting interwetland movements, investigate lengths of foraging flights, assess home range size during stopover, describe habitat use and identify factors associated with wetland use, estimate survival and cause specific mortality, and evaluate proportional use of refuges and areas open to hunting in and nearby the IRV by mallards. We employed standard radio-telemetry techniques to achieve our objectives during autumns and early winters 2009 and 2010 (n ¼ 86 F and 56 M mallards). The mean movement distance between locations collected on consecutive days was 2,822 AE 120 (SE) m (n ¼ 1,862; max. ¼ 56,966 m) across age, sex, and months. Female mallards (n ¼ 35) traveled 2,708 AE 191 m during evening foraging flights (n ¼ 145) to agricultural fields and emergent marshes. Mean home range size (95% minimum convex polygon) was 21,306 AE 1,925 ha across sex and age classes (n ¼ 81 mallards). We documented 43 mortalities of 142 radio-marked mallards (2009: 28.2%; 2010: 32.3%) with 85.0% and 69.6% of deaths attributed to hunting in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Body condition, hunting period, age, year, minimum daily temperature, and daily movement distance were important variables affecting survival, but differences were most pronounced for year and hunting period.

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“…Waste grain available to wildlife has remained abundant over time in some agricultural systems because increased production has compensated for increased harvest efficiency (e.g., Warner et al 1989). Historic data on mean rice yields in Arkansas during 1941-1950Salton 2001) and harvest losses during the late 1940s (6-7% McNeal 1950) suggested waste-rice abundance was 150-175 kg/ha following harvest.…”

Section: Abundance Of Waste Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Rice for Waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley

Stafford

Kaminski

Reinecke

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Management

117

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Flooded rice fields are important foraging habitats for waterfowl in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). Waste rice previously was abundant in late autumn (140–492 kg/ha), but early planting and harvest dates in recent years may have increased losses of waste rice during autumn before waterfowl arrive. Research in Mississippi rice fields revealed waste‐rice abundance decreased 79–99% during autumns 1995–1996 (Manley et al. 2004). To determine if this trend existed throughout the MAV, we used multistage sampling (MSS) to estimate waste‐rice abundance during September–December 2000–2002. Averaged over years, mean abundance of waste rice decreased 71 % between harvest (x̄ = 271.0 kg/ha, CV= 13% n = 3 years) and late autumn (x̄ = 78.4 kg/ha, CV= 15% n = 3). Among 15 models formulated to explain variation in rice abundance among fields and across years, the best model indicated abundance of waste rice in late autumn differed between harvester types (i.e., conventional > stripper header) and was positively related to initial waste‐rice abundance after harvest. Because abundance of waste rice in late autumn was less than previous estimates in all 3 years, we concluded that waterfowl conservationists have overestimated carrying capacity of rice fields for wintering waterfowl by 52–83% and recommend 325 duck‐use days/ha (DUDs) as a revised estimate. We suggest monitoring advances in rice harvest dates to determine when new surveys are warranted and recommend increased management of moist‐soil wetlands to compensate for decreased rice abundance.

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Seasonal Abundance of Waste Corn and Soybeans in Illinois

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Avian Foods, Foraging and Habitat Conservation in World Rice Fields

Avian Foods, Foraging and Habitat Conservation in World Rice Fields

Mallard survival, movements, and habitat use during autumn in Illinois

Waste Rice for Waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley

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