2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/178564
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Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches

Abstract: Seasonal affective disorder or SAD is a recurrent major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern usually beginning in fall and continuing into winter months. A subsyndromal type of SAD, or S-SAD, is commonly known as “winter blues.” Less often, SAD causes depression in the spring or early summer. Symptoms center on sad mood and low energy. Those most at risk are female, are younger, live far from the equator, and have family histories of depression, bipolar disorder, or SAD. Screening instruments include th… Show more

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Cited by 108 publications
(88 citation statements)
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References 51 publications
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“…Most side effects are generally self-limiting and improve with increasing duration of contraceptive use, while serious adverse events, including venous thromboembolism, are rare among healthy users [39]. The seasonal effect on mood is well known and has been reported in other countries around the world [40]. In our study the whole group had significantly higher (better) mean HRQOL scores on the scales of PF, VT, RE and MH during summer-autumn compared with spring.…”
Section: Confounding Factorssupporting
confidence: 54%
“…Most side effects are generally self-limiting and improve with increasing duration of contraceptive use, while serious adverse events, including venous thromboembolism, are rare among healthy users [39]. The seasonal effect on mood is well known and has been reported in other countries around the world [40]. In our study the whole group had significantly higher (better) mean HRQOL scores on the scales of PF, VT, RE and MH during summer-autumn compared with spring.…”
Section: Confounding Factorssupporting
confidence: 54%
“…-Delayed sleep phase syndrome (Skene et al, 1999) -Sleep-onset insomnia (Wang-Weigand et al, 2009) -Non-24 h sleep/wake disorder -SW schedule disorder (Roth, 2012) -Smith-Magenis syndrome (Chen et al, 2015) -Delirium (Furuya et al, 2012) -Peptic ulcer disease (Moore & Merki, 1997) -Depression, mania, seasonal affective disorder and seasonal affective bipolar disorder (Dallaspezia et al, 2015;Geoffroy et al, 2015;Klemfuss & Kripke, 1989;Melrose, 2015;Salgado-Delgado et al, 2011) -Nocturnal asthma (Smolensky & D'Alonzo, 1997;) -AI (Chan & Debono, 2010;Debono et al, 2009;Ekman et al, 2014;Johannsson et al, 2009;Quinkler et al, 2015) -Nocturia (Bliwise et al, 2014;Ebell et al, 2014;Miller, 2000;Moon et al, 2004) -Sleep-time non-dipping and rising 24 h BP patterns, that is nocturnal hypertension Hermida et al, 2011aHermida et al, , b, c, 2013cPortaluppi & Smolensky, 2010;Smolensky et al, 2015b).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also other biorhythms become irregular, such as body temperature and the cortisol rhythm (Bunney and Bunney, 2000). Moreover, in some patients, depressive episodes show a typical seasonal pattern (Rosenthal et al, 1987; Melrose, 2015). …”
Section: Biorhythm Hypothesismentioning
confidence: 99%