Seasonal Age Dynamics of Eimeriosis and Cryptosporidi-Osis of Cattle

Abstract

Currently, the topic of determination of the seasonal and age-related dynamics of eimeria and cryptosporidia, especially with their associative course in cattle on farms of the Udmurt Republic, remains relevant. The research material were represented by fecal samples (1629 samples) from animals of various age groups of the central zone of Udmurtia, spontaneously infected with eime-ria and cryptosporidia. Coprological studies were performed monthly by generally accepted flotation methods, and fingerprint smears were made, followed by Ziehl-Nielsen staining. Our studies on the seasonal dynamics of protozoa showed that peaks of infection in animals in the central zone of the Udmurt Republic were noted in the autumn-winter periode. The age dynamics in the regions differed significantly depending on the type of pathogen and the age of the animals. Thus, Zavyalovsky is a stationary dysfunctional area for eimeriosis and cryptosporidiosis, where the per-centage of eimeriosis infection is 96.3%. At the same time, the maximum number of ocists were observed in young animals in age of 8-12 months. Cryptosporidiosis infestation was recorded from 3 days of age to 2 months, and the percentage of infection in this age group reached 89,66%.The results of our studies revealed a fairly widespread association of these protozooses. So, it was found that in Zavyalovsky district, the maximum intensi-ty of mixtinvasion is recorded in animals aged 1-2 months and reaches up to 69,17%. In the Uvinsky district, the greatest degree of infection with the association of eimeria and cryptosporidia is record-ed almost 2 times less often (in 37,31% of cas-es).The results of seasonal dynamics must be taken into account for drawing up treatment and preventive measures for various age groups of animals in the central zone of the Udmurt Republic.

Analysis of the intensity of post-vaccination immunity to acute respiratory viral infections of cattle

“…For the prevention of these cattle diseases, the inactivated combined vaccine Kombovak is used (produced by the SPA "Narvak", city of Moscow), and in farms that are disadvantaged by pasteurellosis -Kombovak R. Despite the widespread use of this vaccine, an ambiguous situation develops in the farms of the UR and the percentage of ARVI incidence is extremely variable. Such changes in the spread of respiratory diseases are associated with differences in feeding, in veterinary and sanitary conditions of keeping animals, in the poor condition of farms for parasitic and bacterial diseases [14][15]. These circumstances have a direct impact on the formation of post-vaccination immunity in each individual and collective immunity in general.…”