Seasonal and annual variability of vertically migrating scattering layers in the northern Arabian Sea

Wang, Zhankun; DiMarco, Steven F.; Ingle, Stéphanie; Belabbassi, Leila; Al-Kharusi, Lubna

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.05.008

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In support of alternative explanations, Wang et al (2014) found that in the Persian Gulf light is a 407 dominant influence on scattering layer features and that temperature and salinity are as much or of more 408 importance than oxygen. In our dataset, Figure 9 shows several associations of scattering layers with 409 bends in plots of temperature vs. salinity, implying that at least some features (in addition to the shallow 410 features associated with the thermocline) are associated with boundaries between water masses.…”

Section: Association With Environmental Parameters 292mentioning

confidence: 96%

Depths, migration rates and environmental associations of acoustic scattering layers in the Gulf of California

Cade

Benoit‐Bird

2015

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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19The ecology in the Gulf of California has undergone dramatic changes over the past century, 20 including the emergence of Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) as a dominant predator. In the face of 21 these changes, we compare the ubiquitous and ecologically important concentrations of mid-water 22 1 CI = Confidence Interval, CTD = Conductivity, Temperature and Depth sensor, DSL = Deep Scattering Layer, DVM = Diel Vertical Migration, OMZ = Oxygen Minimum Zone, PAR = Photosynthetically Active Radiation, SOR = Standardized Odds Ratio 483 CEC, 2009. Baja to Bering Region.

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Section: Association With Environmental Parameters 292mentioning

confidence: 96%

Depths, migration rates and environmental associations of acoustic scattering layers in the Gulf of California

Cade

Benoit‐Bird

2015

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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“…Since then, various lines of evidence have converged on light being a first-order driver of DSL behaviour and therefore the most defining environmental factor for mesopelagic ecosystem structure (reviewed by Kaartvedt et al 2019). For example, DSL species change their depth distribution in response to the lunar cycle (Benoit-Bird et al 2009b, Wang et al 2014, Prihartato et al 2016) but also to short-term perturbations in light level from weather (Barham 1957, Kaartvedt et al 2017), eclipses (Backus et al 1965, Tont & Wick 1973, Kampa 1975, and variations in waters of changing transparency (Abookire et al 2002, Norheim et al 2016. Full moon, cloudless skies, and clear water cause deeper nocturnal scattering layers, with ramifications through the food chain because of reduced predation on zooplankton in the upper waters (Hernández-León et al 2010) and meso-pelagic fish being out of reach for many air-breathing predators (Horning & Trillmich 1999, Benoit-Bird et al 2009a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light comfort zone in a mesopelagic fish emerges from adaptive behaviour along a latitudinal gradient

Langbehn¹,

Aksnes²,

Kaartvedt³

et al. 2019

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Throughout the oceans, small fish and other micronekton migrate between daytime depths of several hundred meters and near-surface waters at night. These diel vertical migrations of mesopelagic organisms structure pelagic ecosystems through trophic interactions, and are a key element in the biological carbon pump. However, depth distributions and migration amplitude vary greatly. Suggested proximate causes of the migration such as oxygen, temperature, and light often correlate and therefore the causal underpinnings have remained unclear. Using mesopelagic fishes and the Norwegian Sea as a study system, we developed a dynamic state variable model that finds optimal migration patterns that we validate with acoustic observations along a latitudinal gradient. The model describes predation risk and bioenergetics, and maximizes expected energy surplus, a proxy for Darwinian fitness. The model allows us to disentangle the drivers of migration and make predictions about depth distribution and related fitness consequences along a latitudinal trajectory with strong gradients in environmental drivers and vertical distribution of scattering layers. We show that the model-predicted vertical migration of mesopelagic fishes matches that observed along this transect. For most situations, modelled mesopelagic fish behaviour can be well described by a light comfort zone near identical to that derived from observations. By selectively keeping light or temperature constant, the model reveals that temperature, in comparison with light, has little effect on depth distribution. We find that water clarity, which limits how deeply light can penetrate into the ocean, structures daytime depths, while surface light at night controlled the depth of nocturnal ascents.

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“…The depth of the deep scattering layer varies depending on local conditions (Powell and Ohman ) and season (Wang et al. ). The distribution of food resources over the water column, and in particular the food availability in the deep scattering layer relative to the surface, will vary in reality and was simply postulated here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic optimal foraging theory explains vertical migrations of Bigeye tuna

Thygesen

Sommer

Evans

et al. 2016

Ecology

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Abstract. Bigeye tuna are known for remarkable daytime vertical migrations between deep water, where food is abundant but the water is cold, and the surface, where water is warm but food is relatively scarce. Here we investigate if these dive patterns can be explained by dynamic optimal foraging theory, where the tuna maximizes its energy harvest rate. We assume that foraging efficiency increases with body temperature, so that the vertical migrations are thermoregulatory. The tuna's state is characterized by its mean body temperature and depth, and we solve the optimization problem numerically using dynamic programming. With little calibration of model parameters, our results are consistent with observed data on vertical movement: we find that small tuna should display constant-depth strategies while large tuna should display vertical migrations. The analysis supports the hypothesis that the tuna behaves such as to maximize its energy gains. The model therefore provides insight into the processes underlying observed behavioral patterns and allows generating predictions of foraging behavior in unobserved environments.

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Seasonal and annual variability of vertically migrating scattering layers in the northern Arabian Sea

Cited by 31 publications

References 46 publications

Depths, migration rates and environmental associations of acoustic scattering layers in the Gulf of California

Depths, migration rates and environmental associations of acoustic scattering layers in the Gulf of California

Light comfort zone in a mesopelagic fish emerges from adaptive behaviour along a latitudinal gradient

Dynamic optimal foraging theory explains vertical migrations of Bigeye tuna

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