Seasonal and spatial differences in source contributions to PM2.5 in Wuhan, China

Ying, Xiong; Zhou, Jiabin; Schauer, James J.; Yu, Wenwu; Hu, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.150

Cited by 75 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In two-year CALIOP aerosol profiles data, the existence of valid extinction coefficient values in higher atmospheric layer in spring, autumn and winter, indicated that the elevated aerosol layer was inclined to appear in Central China in specific seasons. The statistical result was in accord with previous researches that Central China is more susceptible to elevated aerosols, due to long-distance transportation of air masses, which primarily originated in the northern parts of China or Mongolia and travelled through the highly polluted Jing-Jin-Ji regions, before arriving in Central China, combined with air masses originating from the northwest with dust aerosols [54]. After vertical correction by the CALIOP ratio, the influence of elevated aerosol could be eliminated to some extent, improving the relationship between AOD and PM 2.5 .…”

Section: The Recommended Vertical Correction Schemessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, the correlation between AOD after vertical correction and ambient PM 2.5 was poorer than the original situation in summer, suggesting that the original satellite-derived AOD is optimal for estimating ambient PM 2.5 in summer in Central China. As Central China is in a subtropical zone with a subtropical monsoon climate, the summer monsoon enhanced the transmission of clean air masses originating from the Eastern and Southern China Seas, which enhanced the diffusion of local aerosols due to the scour effect by precipitation and atmospheric convection, both horizontally and vertically [54,55]. Since air pollution tended to be mainly from local aerosols emerging in the near-surface area, the original satellite-derived AOD without vertical correction is suggested to be useful when estimating ambient PM 2.5 concentrations in summer.…”

Section: The Recommended Vertical Correction Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact and Suggestion of Column-to-Surface Vertical Correction Scheme on the Relationship between Satellite AOD and Ground-Level PM2.5 in China

et al. 2017

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As China is suffering from severe fine particle pollution from dense industrialization and urbanization, satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been widely used for estimating particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ). However, the correlation between satellite AOD and ground-level PM 2.5 could be influenced by aerosol vertical distribution, as satellite AOD represents the entire column, rather than just ground-level concentration. Here, a new column-to-surface vertical correction scheme is proposed to improve separation of the near-surface and elevated aerosol layers, based on the ratio of the integrated extinction coefficient within 200-500 m above ground level (AGL), using the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)) aerosol profile products. There are distinct differences in climate, meteorology, terrain, and aerosol transmission throughout China, so comparisons between vertical correction via CALIOP ratio and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) were conducted in different regions from 2014 to 2015, combined with the original Pearson coefficient between satellite AOD and ground-level PM 2.5 for reference. Furthermore, the best vertical correction scheme was suggested for different regions to achieve optimal correlation with PM 2.5 , based on the analysis and discussion of regional and seasonal characteristics of aerosol vertical distribution. According to our results and discussions, vertical correction via PBLH is recommended in northwestern China, where the PBLH varies dramatically, stretching or compressing the surface aerosol layer; vertical correction via the CALIOP ratio is recommended in northeastern China, southwestern China, Central China (excluding summer), North China Plain (excluding Beijing), and the spring in the southeast coast, areas that are susceptible to exogenous aerosols and exhibit the elevated aerosol layer; and original AOD without vertical correction is recommended in Beijing and the southeast coast (excluding spring), where the elevated aerosol layer rarely occurs and a large proportion of aerosol is aggregated in near-surface. Moreover, validation experiments in 2016 agreed well with our discussions and conclusions drawn from the experiments of the first two years. Furthermore, suggested vertical correction scheme was applied into linear mixed effect (LME) model, and high cross validation (CV) R 2 (~85%) and relatively low root mean square errors (RMSE,~20 µg/m 3 ) were achieved, which demonstrated that the PM 2.5 estimation agreed well with the measurements. When compared to the original situation, CV R 2 values and RMSE after vertical correction both presented improvement to a certain extent, proving that the suggested vertical correction schemes could further improve the estimation accuracy of PM 2.5 based on sophisticated model in China. Estimating PM 2.5 with better accuracy could contribute to a more

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Section: The Recommended Vertical Correction Schemessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: The Recommended Vertical Correction Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact and Suggestion of Column-to-Surface Vertical Correction Scheme on the Relationship between Satellite AOD and Ground-Level PM2.5 in China

et al. 2017

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“…Outside the abovementioned four regions, annual PM 2.5 at individual cities was 183 ± 25 µg m −3 Wang et al, 2015aWang et al, , 2017b, 177 ± 15 µg m −3 Wang et al, 2015c;Zhang et al, 2011b), 89 µg m −3 , 149 µg m −3 , 110 ± 4 µg m −3 (Xiong et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2015a), 106 µg m −3 (Tang et al, 2017), 66 ± 22 µg m −3 , 44 µg m −3 (Xu et al, 2012c) and 21 µg m −3 in Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Lanzhou, Jinan, Wuhan, Changsha, Xiamen, Fuzhou and Haikou, respectively. These PM 2.5 levels were comparable to some of the cities within the four regions, e.g., Zhengzhou, Xi'an and Jinan to Shijiazhuang, Wuhan to Nanjing and Chengdu, and Fuzhou and Xiamen of Fujian Province to Guangzhou.…”

Section: Geographical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies covering 1 year or longer were mostly conducted for provincial capital cities, including Jinan , Zhengzhou , Xi'an (Wang et al, 2015c), Lanzhou , Chengdu , Chongqing , Changsha (Tang et al, 2017), Wuhan (Xiong et al, 2017), Xiamen and Haikou , and for an inland city Heze (Liu et al, 2017b) and a regional background site (located in Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve in the city of Dongying) (Yao et al, 2016), both in Shandong Province. Annual results were available from most studies, but were aggregated from seasonal results for Wuhan and Haikou.…”

Section: Other Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seasonal results of source apportionment analysis are available for four seasons in Jinan , a regional site in Dongying (Yao et al, 2016), Chengdu , Chongqing , Wuhan (Xiong et al, 2017) and Haikou , for summer and autumn in Tai'an of Shandong Province (Liu et al, 2016a) and Xi'an , for summer and winter in Lanzhou (Tan et al, 2017), and for winter in Longkou (a coastal site in Shandong Province) (Zong et al, 2016).…”

Section: Other Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To obtain a thorough knowledge of PM 2.5 chemical composition and its impact on aerosol optical properties across China, existing field studies conducted after the year 2000 are reviewed and summarized in terms of geographical, interannual and seasonal distributions. Annual PM 2.5 was up to 6 times the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in some megacities in northern China. Annual PM 2.5 was higher in northern than southern cities, and higher in inland than coastal cities. In a few cities with data longer than a decade, PM 2.5 showed a slight decrease only in the second half of the past decade, while carbonaceous aerosols decreased, sulfate (SO 2− 4 ) and ammonium (NH + 4 ) remained at high levels, and nitrate (NO − 3 ) increased. The highest seasonal averages of PM 2.5 and its major chemical components were typically observed in the cold seasons. Annual average contributions of secondary inorganic aerosols to PM 2.5 ranged from 25 to 48 %, and those of carbonaceous aerosols ranged from 23 to 47 %, both with higher contributions in southern regions due to the frequent dust events in northern China. Source apportionment analysis identified secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion and traffic emission as the top three source factors contributing to PM 2.5 mass in most Chinese cities, and the sum of these three source factors explained 44 to 82 % of PM 2.5 mass on annual average across China. Biomass emission in most cities, industrial emission in industrial cities, dust emission in northern cities and ship emission in coastal cities are other major source factors, each of which contributed 7-27 % to PM 2.5 mass in applicable cities.The geographical pattern of scattering coefficient (b sp ) was similar to that of PM 2.5 , and that of aerosol absorption coefficient (b ap ) was determined by elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration and its coating. b sp in ambient condition of relative humidity (RH) = 80 % can be amplified by about 1.8 times that under dry conditions. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 60 % of aerosol extinction coefficient (b ext ) at RH greater than 70 %. The mass scattering efficiency (MSE) of PM 2.5 ranged from 3.0 to 5.0 m 2 g −1 for aerosols produced from anthropogenic emissions and from 0.7 to 1.0 m 2 g −1 for natural dust aerosols. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC ranged from 6.5 to 12.4 m 2 g −1 in urban environments, but the MAE of water-soluble organic carbon was only 0.05 to 0.11 m 2 g −1 . Historical emission control policies in China and their effectiveness were discussed based on available chemically resolved PM 2.5 data, which provides the much needed knowledge for guiding future studies and emissions policies.

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Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by airborne particulate matter

Shang

Tang

Yang

2022

J of Applied Toxicology

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Airborne particulate matter (PM), the primary component associated with health risks in air pollution, can negatively impact human health. Studies have shown that PM can enter the brain by inhalation, but data on the exact quantity of particles that reach the brain are unknown. Particulate matter exposure can result in neurotoxicity. Exposure to PM poses a greater health risk to infants and children because their nervous systems are not fully developed. This review paper highlights the association between PM and neurodevelopmental toxicity (NDT). Exposure to PM can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially resulting in blood–brain barrier damage and increased susceptibility to development of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), such as autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit disorders. In addition, human and animal exposure to PM can induce microglia activation and epigenetic alterations and alter the neurotransmitter levels, which may increase risks for development of NDD. However, the systematic comparisons of the effects of PM on NDD at different ages of exposure are deficient. The elucidation of PM exposure risks and NDT in children during the early developmental stages are of great importance. The synthesis of current research may help to identify markers and mechanisms of PM‐induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, allowing for the development of strategies to prevent permanent damage of developing brain.

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Seasonal and spatial differences in source contributions to PM2.5 in Wuhan, China

Cited by 75 publications

References 67 publications

Impact and Suggestion of Column-to-Surface Vertical Correction Scheme on the Relationship between Satellite AOD and Ground-Level PM2.5 in China

Impact and Suggestion of Column-to-Surface Vertical Correction Scheme on the Relationship between Satellite AOD and Ground-Level PM2.5 in China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by airborne particulate matter

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Seasonal and spatial differences in source contributions to PM2.5 in Wuhan, China

Cited by 75 publications

References 67 publications

Impact and Suggestion of Column-to-Surface Vertical Correction Scheme on the Relationship between Satellite AOD and Ground-Level PM2.5 in China

Impact and Suggestion of Column-to-Surface Vertical Correction Scheme on the Relationship between Satellite AOD and Ground-Level PM2.5 in China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by airborne particulate matter

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About

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China