Seasonal and Spatial Effects of Wastewater Effluent on Growth, Survival, and Accumulation of Microbial Contaminants by Oysters in Mobile Bay, Alabama

Biancani, Peter J.; Carmichael, Ruth H.; Daskin, Joshua H.; Burkhardt, William; Calci, Kevin R.

doi:10.1007/s12237-011-9421-7

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Al though some of the environmental attributes measured during this study differed significantly between the 2 study sites, this variation was not significant enough to cause differences in oyster growth be tween sites. Values for water temperature, salinity, and DO were typical of summer conditions in the study area (Stumpf et al 1993, Cowan et al 1996, Park et al 2007 and consistent with suitable oyster growth conditions in Mobile Bay (Biancani et al 2012). Water-column chl a values were within the range reported in previous studies (Cowan et al 1996, Biancani et al 2012, and SPM and POM concentrations were similar to or higher than those reported for suitable oyster growth elsewhere (Grizzle et al 1992, Ferreira et al 1997, Carmichael et al 2012b.…”

Section: Factors Affecting N-removal Capacitysupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of age class on N removal capacity of oysters and implications for bioremediation

Dalrymple¹,

Carmichael²

2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Previous estimates of nitrogen (N) removal from coastal systems by either assimilation into tissues and shells of oysters or stimulated through biogeochemical processes have not accounted for ontogenetic changes in N sequestration. To understand how N removal may change with ontogeny, we compared N in tissue, shell, and biodeposits between juvenile and adult oysters. Juvenile oysters assimilated 165 ± 8 mg (± SE) N oyster −1 into soft tissues and shell, while adult oysters lost mass and returned N to the estuary (−48 ± 21 mg N oyster −1). The percentage of N in soft tissues (11.80 ± 0.01) did not differ between age classes but was significantly higher than measured elsewhere. The percentage of N in shell averaged 0.46 ± 0.01 and 0.26 ± 0.01 in juveniles and adults, respectively, accounting for ≥50% of total N in oysters. N released in biodeposits was estimated at 0.21 ± 0.00 to 0.23 ± 0.00 mg N oyster −1 d −1 and did not differ between age classes. Accurate quantification of N removal by oysters, therefore, should account for age and location-specific variation by including direct measurements of N assimilated into tissues and shell, released in biodeposits, and removed by biogeochemical processes. Continuous N sequestration and removal from local waters for bioremediation may require balancing recruitment or planting of young actively growing oysters with harvest of larger animals to ensure net N removal by assimilation before growth declines. This strategy may be particularly useful where environmental conditions do not support significant N removal through biogeochemical processes.

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Section: Factors Affecting N-removal Capacitysupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of age class on N removal capacity of oysters and implications for bioremediation

Dalrymple¹,

Carmichael²

2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Because the detection of all waterborne potential faecal pathogens is very sensitive, various indicators of faecal contamination are usually used to detect faecal pollutions in natural waters [20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of parasitic pollution in the coastal seawater of Gaza city

Hilles

Al-Hindi

Safieh³

2014

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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BackgroundThe main objective of the study was the assessment of the prevalence and the identification of species of human gastrointestinal parasites as an indicator of the pollution of the seashore of Gaza City.MethodsThe investigation was conducted by analysis of the parasitic contamination of seawater along the study area. A total of 52 samples of seawater were analyzed during the summer period; from June to October 2011. The study area was divided into six zones (A, B, C, D, E and F) according to specific criteria such as the presence of the wastewater discharge points and other geographical characteristics.ResultsThe results show that about 48% of the seawater samples from the shoreline region of Gaza City were contaminated with parasites. Zones A, B and D (mouth of Wadi Gaza, Al Sheikh Ejleen discharge and Al Shalehat discharge points respectively) have the highest level of parasitic contamination, while, zones C and E (From Al-Baydar restaurant to Khalel Alwazer Mosque and the basin of the Gaza marina respectively) had a lower level of contamination and zone F (From the northern part of the Gaza marina to the Intelligence Building) was uncontaminated. The parasitic species found were: Ascaris lumbricoides, Giardia lamblia, Strongyloides stercoralis, Hymenolepis nana, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Cryptosporidium parvum.ConclusionsThe present study revealed a high level of contamination with parasites at most of the points which were investigated along the Gaza City coast line.

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“…Bivalve molluscan shellfish feed on algae from the surrounding water. During this feeding process, each bivalve mollusc may filter 20 to 90 liters of water per day and bioaccumulate a variety of microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria that are associated with pollution sources (8,(10)(11)(12). Significantly, molluscan shellfish have been found to retain viruses to a greater extent and for much longer periods than they do bacteria (8,13,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Pouillot

Doren

Woods

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Model results indicated that the mean WWTP influent concentration of NoV GII (3.9 log 10 gc/liter; 95% credible interval [CI], 3.5, 4.3 log 10 gc/liter) is larger than the value for NoV GI (1.5 log 10 gc/liter; 95% CI, 0.4, 2.4 log 10 gc/liter), with large variations occurring from one WWTP to another. For WWTPs with mechanical systems and chlorine disinfection, mean log 10 reductions were ؊2.4 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.9, ؊1.1 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GI, ؊2.7 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.6, ؊1.9 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GII, and ؊2.9 log 10 PFU per liter (95% CI, ؊3.4, ؊2.4 log 10 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Comparable values for WWTPs with lagoon systems and chlorine disinfection were ؊1.4 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.3, 0.5 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GI, ؊1.7 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.1, ؊0.3 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GII, and ؊3.6 log 10 PFU per liter (95% CI, ؊4.8, ؊2.4 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Within WWTPs, correlations exist between mean NoV GI and NoV GII influent concentrations and between the mean log 10 reduction in NoV GII and the mean log 10 reduction in MSCs.H uman norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of food-associated gastroenteritis in the United States (1) and Canada (2). U.S. residents are estimated to experience five episodes of norovirus gastroenteritis in their lifetimes (3). NoV is primarily spread via the fecal-oral route. However, attribution of a particular case of NoV illness to a specific source is complex. The transmission may be direct (person to person) or indirect (via contact with contaminated fomites) or may occur through the ingestion of contaminated food or water (4). Noroviruses are genetically diverse, comprising six genogroups (5), three of which (genogroup I [GI], GII, and GIV) are capable of causing illness in humans (6).Among foodborne NoV outbreaks, bivalve molluscs (e.g., clams, oysters, mussels), leafy vegetables, and fruits are the most frequently implicated (7). More than half of the norovirus outbreaks attributed to the consumption of bivalve molluscs in the United States during the years from 2001 to 2008 are believed to have originated from contamination during production or processing (7). Bivalve molluscan shellfish typically grow in estuaries, which may contain NoV-contaminated human fecal material from municipal wastewater outfalls, combined sewer overflow, or nonpoint sources of pollution, including human waste discharged from marine vessels (8, 9). Bivalve molluscan shellfish feed on algae from the surrounding water. During this feeding process, each bivalve mollusc may filter 20 to 90 liters of water per day and bioaccumulate a variety of microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria that are associated with pollution sources (8,(10)(11)(12). Significantly, molluscan shellfish have been found to retain viruses to a greater extent and for much longer periods than they do bacteria (8,13,14). Bivalve molluscs, therefore, may become contaminated with NoV when they are grown in harvesting areas contaminated with human wastes.In the United States and in Canada, ar...

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Seasonal and Spatial Effects of Wastewater Effluent on Growth, Survival, and Accumulation of Microbial Contaminants by Oysters in Mobile Bay, Alabama

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of age class on N removal capacity of oysters and implications for bioremediation

Effects of age class on N removal capacity of oysters and implications for bioremediation

Assessment of parasitic pollution in the coastal seawater of Gaza city

Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants

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