2019
DOI: 10.1111/zph.12656
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Seasonal and spatial variation in Toxoplasma gondii contamination in soil in urban public spaces in California, United States

Abstract: Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite that can have severe implications for human health. Acutely infected cats shed environmentally resistant T. gondii oocysts in their faeces that contaminate soil, and soil can serve as a reservoir of infection for humans. Free-roaming domestic cats are thought to play an important role in environmental contamination with T. gondii, but few studies have directly measured the direct contribution of free-roaming cats to T. gondii in soil. Methods:Our goals were … Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…Studies of T. gondii in soil samples also enhance our understanding of seasonal patterns of oocyst shedding, though we do not yet know to what degree soil prevalence offers a meaningful comparison to faecal shedding prevalence and risk to human health. One California study only detected soil contamination with oocysts during the fall (November); soil samples from the same study sites tested negative for T. gondii in spring and summer sampling efforts (de Wit et al., 2020). Higher burden in soil likely means more cats are shedding, but interpretation of results is also dependent on the detection method used.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Studies of T. gondii in soil samples also enhance our understanding of seasonal patterns of oocyst shedding, though we do not yet know to what degree soil prevalence offers a meaningful comparison to faecal shedding prevalence and risk to human health. One California study only detected soil contamination with oocysts during the fall (November); soil samples from the same study sites tested negative for T. gondii in spring and summer sampling efforts (de Wit et al., 2020). Higher burden in soil likely means more cats are shedding, but interpretation of results is also dependent on the detection method used.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…in spring and summer sampling efforts (deWit et al, 2020). Higher burden in soil likely means more cats are shedding, but interpretation of results is also dependent on the detection method used.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This scenario was proposed to have occurred in the Gibson Desert Nature Reserve, WA, where prevalence in cats increased from 0% in 2000 to 66.7% in 2001 following an unusually high winter rainfall (Adams 2003). Studies have detected a seasonality in the risk of infection in cats (Adriaanse et al 2020), the proportion of cats in a population shedding (Herrmann et al 2010;Schares et al 2016), and the detection of oocysts in soil (Wit et al 2020).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sporulated oocysts, young oocysts, and soil with less sand reveal higher recovery rates ( Lelu et al, 2011 ). Temporal variation in oocyst detection has also been observed indicating the need to sample a study area across multiple years for thorough data collection ( de Wit et al, 2020 ), presenting obvious limitations. The small soil sample size is a limitation of our study and emphasizes the drawbacks of doing small scale preliminary contamination surveillance using this method.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%