Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt

Abstract

This study investigated seasonal variation, spatial distribution, sources, composition and potential ecological risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Red Sea coastal water. Surface seawater samples were collected at fourteen different locations. The sum of 16 PAHs concentrations in Red Sea showed clear variation between seasons, ranged from 1.08–6.10, 0.79–50.86, 1.37–54.47 and 0.21–7.18 μg/L in summer, autumn, winter, and spring respectively. PAHs levels in Red Sea coastal waters were relatively high at certain sites during autumn and winter seasons. They could be classified as highly polluted by PAHs contaminants (>10 μg/L). According to the diagnostic ratios measured, the majority of PAHs in this study originated from pyrogenic sources, while minor amounts originated from petrogenic sources. Four rings PAHs accounted for more than 64% of the total PAHs studied. PAHs pose a high ecological risk along the period of study, according to the ecological risk assessment by Risk quotients (RQNCs and RQMPCs).

Biosorption of Arsenic (III) and Arsenic (V) from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies using Mangrove Leaf Biomass (Avicennia marina)

“…An important aspect of this pollution is the transportation of heavy metals between soil and water, leading to metal contamination (Younis, 2020;Younis et al, 2023a;Younis et al, 2023b). When present at high concentrations, these metals significantly impact various components of natural ecosystems (Soliman et al, 2020;El-Naggar, et al, 2021;Taher et al, 2023;. Industries such as smelters, metal refineries, and mining operations are recognized as major contributors to releasing metals into the environment (Hanafy et al, 2021;.…”

Assessment of heavy metal distribution, contamination, and ecological risk in mangrove sediments of the Nabq Protectorate, Gulf of Aqaba

“…The increasing presence of heavy metal pollutants has emerged as a growing concern in recent decades due to their persistent nature and detrimental effects on water and soil ecosystems (Weis et al, 2004;Huang et al, 2011;Na et al, 2013;Younis, 2020). Typically, the release of contaminants into the environment is primarily attributed to untreated or inadequately treated industrial wastewater effluents, vehicle emissions, mining activities, and coal combustion (Li et al, 2009;Sun et al, 2010;Hanafy et al, 2021;El-Naggar et al, 2021;Younis et al, 2023). Mangrove ecosystems, commonly found in estuaries or coastal areas, play a significant role in mitigating metal pollution by participating in the dispersion of pollutants within their biogeochemical cycles, facilitating their transfer between land and sea.…”

Influences of Naphthalene Concentration on Starch Anaerobic Digestion: Focusing on Digestion Performance, Extracellular Polymeric Substances and Function Microbial Community

“…In recent years, naphthalene (Nap), one of PAH, has drawn considerable concerns as a potential carcinogen due to its high-water solubility and high volatility [6,7]. Nap had a positive effect on denitrification, while phosphorus was inhibited [8].…”