Seasonal change in precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water and streamwater chemistry, northern Michigan

Stottlemyer, Robert; Toczydlowski, David

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2215::aid-hyp882>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The percentage of total winter runoff that occurred when the plot-level subsurface lateral flow was shallow (<25 cm depth beneath forest floor Oi layer) increased during the study (p = 0.05, r 2 = 0.25, b = 2% yr À1 , SE of constant = 46.7, SE of b = 0.5). Stream water snowmelt discharge increased on average 5.6 ± 2.4 days prior to a rise in plot-level well water levels (also see Stottlemyer and Toczydlowski 1999).…”

Section: Temperature and Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Many years the rise in well water height was rapid limiting the opportunity for concurrent soil lysimeter and stream water sampling (see Stottlemyer and Toczydlowski 1999).…”

Section: àmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced precipitation and warming temperatures could decrease the spring flux ('flushing') of mobile solutes as dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), organic nitrogen (DON), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from forest soils to the stream (Creed and Band 1998;Stottlemyer and Toczydlowski 1999). Less precipitation might increase the average depth of meltwater flowpath in the forest soil which could further alter ecosystem solute flux (Mulholland et al 1990;Ross et al 1994;Battin 1999;Kalbitz et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Reduced Winter Precipitation and Increased Temperature on Watershed Solute Flux, 1988–2002, Northern Michigan

Stottlemyer

Toczydlowski

2006

Biogeochemistry

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Since 1987 we have studied weekly change in winter (December-April) precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water, and stream water solute flux in a small (176-ha) Northern Michigan watershed vegetated by 65-85 year-old northern hardwoods. Our primary study objective was to quantify the effect of change in winter temperature and precipitation on watershed hydrology and solute flux. During the study winter runoff was correlated with precipitation, and forest soils beneath the snowpack remained unfrozen. Winter air temperature and soil temperature beneath the snowpack increased while precipitation and snowmelt declined. Atmospheric inputs declined for H + , NO 3 À , NH 4 + , dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and SO 4 2À . Replicated plot-level results, which could not be directly extrapolated to the watershed scale, showed 90% of atmospheric DIN input was retained in surface shallow (<15 cm deep) soils while SO 4 2À flux increased 70% and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 30-fold. Most stream water base cation (C B ), HCO 3 À , and Cl À concentrations declined with increased stream water discharge, K + , NO 3 À , and SO 4 2À remained unchanged, and DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) increased. Winter stream water solute outputs declined or were unchanged with time except for NO 3 À and DOC which increased. DOC and DIN outputs were correlated with the percentage of winter runoff and stream discharge that occurred when subsurface flow at the plot-level was shallow (<25 cm beneath Oi). Study results suggest that the percentage of annual runoff occurring as shallow lateral subsurface flow may be a major factor regulating solute outputs and concentrations in snowmelt-dominated ecosystems.

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Section: Temperature and Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Many years the rise in well water height was rapid limiting the opportunity for concurrent soil lysimeter and stream water sampling (see Stottlemyer and Toczydlowski 1999).…”

Section: àmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Reduced Winter Precipitation and Increased Temperature on Watershed Solute Flux, 1988–2002, Northern Michigan

Stottlemyer

Toczydlowski

2006

Biogeochemistry

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“…Therefore, N retention in seasonally snow covered ecosystems essentially depends on the balance of soil microbial immobilization during the cold season and plant uptake during the growing season (Jaeger et al 1999). Mismatched timing of nutrient supply by microbes and nutrient demand by plants can increase ecosystem N losses (Stottlemyer and Toczydlowski 1999, Bilbrough et al 2000, Neilsen et al 2001, Schmidt and Lipson 2004, Matzner and Borken 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of manipulated snow cover on soil gaseous emission and N retention in the growing season: a meta‐analysis

Blankinship

Hart

2012

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Most seasonally snow covered ecosystems will continue to face more shallow and discontinuous snowpack as the world warms. Annual greenhouse gas and nitrogen (N) budgets in seasonally snow covered ecosystems are partly controlled by snow depth and duration, but little is known about the generality of these responses during the growing season and the driving mechanisms across sites. Using results from snow addition and removal experiments, we performed a meta-analysis to quantify soil biogeochemical responses during the growing season to decreasing winter snow depth, and to identify correlative variables that best explained changes in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) efflux, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) efflux, and mobile N concentration in runoff, leachate, and soil solution. The moderators tested to possibly explain the effects of manipulated snow depth were the sampling date (earlier vs. later in growing season), the direction of snow manipulation, soil texture, vegetation type, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), latitude, and the maximum change in winter soil temperature due to snow manipulation. Across studies, decreasing snow depth caused a 35% reduction in soil CO 2 efflux and a three-fold increase in N 2 O efflux later in the growing season, and a two-fold increase in mobile N concentration throughout the growing season. The tested moderators of CO 2 and N 2 O efflux were important earlier but not later in the growing season. Early in the growing season, decreasing snow depth increased soil CO 2 efflux in snow removal experiments at lower latitude sites with a higher MAT and smaller change in winter soil temperature. Decreasing snow depth increased N 2 O efflux more at lower latitudes sites with a higher MAP and smaller change in winter soil temperature. Changes in mobile N concentration were greater in forest than in non-forest ecosystems, and tended to increase with latitude. Our meta-analysis suggests that winter and summer biogeochemistry are intertwined, and decreasing snow cover generally reduces ecosystem N retention. Future changes in snow cover may impact global carbon and N biogeochemistry at the annual scale, likely driven by interactions between climate, latitude, and vegetation type.

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“…However, it has been reported that cyclones passing through the south of Honshu, and not winter monsoon pressure patterns, have led to higher concentrations of acidic chemical substances in the winter precipitation (Suzuki and Endo, Y., 1994). Long-term fluctuations, such as seasonal and yearly fluctuations, have been reported in many papers (e.g., Al-Momani et al, 1998;Andreae et al, 1990;Baez et al, 1997;Galloway et al, 1996;Jordan et al, 2000;Stottlemyer and Toczydlowski, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and temporal changes in the fluxes of major inorganic ions via wet and dry depositions, observed in Matsumoto, central Japan

Suzuki

Shirohada

2006

Geochem. J.

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Wet and dry deposits were collected using an automatic fractionation precipitation collector for three and a half years in Matsumoto city, central Japan. Because of the imperfect collection of some inorganic ions, the fraction collected as dry deposit is named "dry dish sample" in this study. The collected samples were analyzed for major cations and anions using ion chromatography. Based on the elemental ratios, Na + , Cl -, and Mg 2+ in the precipitation are considered to be of sea salt origin. However, the Cl -found in the dry dish samples was deficient with respect to Na + , possibly resulting from chlorine loss from aerosols, and the Mg 2+ content of dry dish samples is thought to be derived from the soil. Abnormally high concentrations of Ca 2+ and SO 4 2-were observed in both the precipitation and dry dish samples for a few days after the eruption of Miyakejima volcano. The Na + and Cl -concentrations in precipitation showed high values in winter, and the yellow sand carried from China in the spring affected the concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the precipitation, as well as those in the dry dish sample. High time-resolution sampling of the precipitation disclosed short variations in its composition, which would have otherwise escaped our attention. When continuous precipitation from stratiform clouds occurred due to a warm front, the concentration of chemical constituents in the precipitation was high in the first fraction of precipitation, but was subsequently markedly reduced. On the other hand, when intermittent precipitation was produced from cumuliform clouds due to a cold front, it became more complex: in such cases, there was no predictable pattern for the subsequent concentration fluctuations, i.e., the concentrations of the chemical constituents fluctuated within a day.

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Seasonal change in precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water and streamwater chemistry, northern Michigan

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Reduced Winter Precipitation and Increased Temperature on Watershed Solute Flux, 1988–2002, Northern Michigan

Effect of Reduced Winter Precipitation and Increased Temperature on Watershed Solute Flux, 1988–2002, Northern Michigan

Consequences of manipulated snow cover on soil gaseous emission and N retention in the growing season: a meta‐analysis

Seasonal and temporal changes in the fluxes of major inorganic ions via wet and dry depositions, observed in Matsumoto, central Japan

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