Seasonal changes in biochemical composition of body walls, gonads and pyloric caeca in two populations ofSclerasterias mollis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) during the annual reproductive cycle

Barker, Mike; Xu, Runze

doi:10.1007/bf01320228

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The stomach and the body wall showed no significant variations in lipid content between sexes and during the reproductive cycle. Barker & Xu (1991) also report little variation in the lipid content of the body wall over the annual reproductive cycle for 2 populations of Sclerasterias mollis. In contrast, lipid content of the gonads and pyloric caeca varied considerably.…”

Section: Biochemical and Energetic Componentsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Sex differences in biochemical composition, energy content and allocation to reproductive effort in the brooding sea star Leptasterias polaris

Raymond¹,

Himmelman

Guderley³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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ABSTRACT:We assessed sex differences in reproductive investment of the brooding sea star Leptasterias polaris (in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada) by examining the biochemical composition and energetic content of the principal body components in 3 contrasting periods: just before spawning, after spawning and after brooding. The reproductive effort for a standard sea star with an underwater mass of 10 g (equivalent to 8.2 cm in radius) was similar for both sexes (15.1 kJ in males and 12.2 kJ in females). However, the sexes differed in how energy was allocated for reproduction. The energy loss due to gamete release was almost 4-fold greater for males (15.1 kJ) than females (4.1 kJ). The major reproductive expenditure in females came from maintenance costs during the prolonged brooding period (8.1 kJ). For the body wall and stomach, lipid, protein and energy contents were similar for males and females over the spawning and brooding periods. The ratio of males to females in the population was 1:1 in smaller size classes but was about 2:1 for individuals measuring >11 cm in radius. This is possibly explained by slower somatic growth of females due to the repeated use of energetic reserves and lack of feeding during the 5 to 6 mo brooding period. The replenishment of body wall carbohydrates in males during the winter (not observed in females) suggests that males feed during this period.KEY WORDS: Sea star · Leptasterias polaris · Brooding · Proximate biochemical composition · Reproductive effort · Gulf of St. Lawrence Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 283: [179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190] 2004 Comparisons of energy reserves before and after reproduction will reflect the energetic costs of reproduction (Doughty & Shine 1997).Asteroids show 3 types of larval development: pelagic planktotrophic larvae, pelagic lecithotrophic larvae, or lecithotrophic development of embryos brooded by the females (Thorson 1946, 1950, Mileikovsky 1971, Lawrence & Herrera 2000. Brooding is often considered a response to limited food resources and is more common in small asteroids: the small size may mean that they cannot produce sufficient gametes to ensure successful external fertilisation (Menge 1974). An alternative hypothesis is that the small size of brooders optimises brood number relative to female body size (Strathmann & Strathman 1982, Strathmann 1985. This suggests that brooding is an unlikely strategy for large animals because the relative surface area for brooding decreases with increasing body size. Brooding may reduce parental fitness by limiting mobility and increasing vulnerability to predators (Strathmann 1985, Bosch & Slattery 1999. This limited mobility may also prevent or reduce feeding, leading to the use of somatic reserves (Chia 1969, Nimitz 1971, Menge 1974, 1975, Harrold & Pearse 1980, Hendler & Franz 1982, Jangoux 1982, Doughty & Shine 1997. Whereas reproductive investment is limited to the period of game...

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Section: Biochemical and Energetic Componentsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Sex differences in biochemical composition, energy content and allocation to reproductive effort in the brooding sea star Leptasterias polaris

Raymond¹,

Himmelman

Guderley³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…It is also not excluded partially due to difference in geographic distribution. For instance, we have found that geographic difference affected biochemical composition of the different populations of starfish [35,36]. When comparing the scavenging radical effect of PEP with polysaccharides from other marine species, the scavenging ability of PEP on superoxide anion (43.30%) at the concentration of 1mg•mL −1 is stronger than other species, for example, the ability is only 26.17% for Sipunculus Nudus [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic and Hepatic Protective Activities of Polysaccharides from Phascolosoma esculenta

Jiang

Lin

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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The aims of this study were to investigate the antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hepatic protective effects of Phascolosoma esculenta polysaccharides (PEP). PEP was prepared from Phascolosoma esculenta by enzyme hydrolysis and its characterization was analyzed. The antioxidant activities of PEP were evaluated by the assays of scavenging 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals and chelating ferrous ion in vitro. It showed that PEP could scavenge radicals effectively and had favorable antioxidant activities. In the meantime, the hypolipidemic effect of PEP was investigated in vivo by using mice model fed with high-fat diet with or without PEP treatment. Compared with the hyperlipidemic mice without treatment, the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (30.1–35.7%, p < 0.01), triglyceride (TG) (24.5–50.8%, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (49.6–56.8%, p < 0.01) and liver levels of TC (21.0–28.4%, p < 0.01), TG (23.8–37.0%, p < 0.01) decreased significantly, whereas serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (47.7–59.9%, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) increased significantly after treatment with different dosage of PEP (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g per kg body weight, respectively). In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) (10.2–22.2% and 18.8–26.9%, p < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (11.9–15.4% and 26.6–30.4%, p < 0.05) activities in serum and liver enhanced markedly while aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (18.7–29.6% and 42.4–58.0%, p < 0.05), alanine transaminase (ALT) (42.7–46.0% and 31.2–42.2%, p < 0.05) activities, as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (15.9–24.4% and 15.0–16.8%, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) in serum and liver reduced markedly. Moreover, the histopathological observation of livers indicated that PEP could attenuate liver cell injury. The animal experimental results demonstrated that PEP exerted hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective roles in hyperlipidemic mice. In summary, our results above suggest that PEP might be a potential natural antioxidant and utilized as a therapeutic candidate for hyperlipidemia.

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“…Asterinid species have different reproductive patterns, including seasonal or continuous breeding periodicity (Carvalho and Ventura, 2002;Barker and Xu, 1991b;Byrne, 1992;Paik et al, 2005;Pastor-de-Ward et al, 2007;Mariante et al, 2010;Micael et al, 2011;Benítez-villalobos and Martínez-garcía, 2012). The differences are related to many environmental factors, including temperature, hydrodynamics, the quantity and quality of available food, and photoperiod.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size distribution of individuals in the population of Asterias amurensis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) and its reproductive cycle in China

Zhou

et al. 2018

Acta Oceanol. Sin.

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To obtain baseline information on the size distribution of individuals in the population and reproductive features of sea star Asterias amurensis, monthly surveys of the population were carried out from May to December 2010 and March to May 2015 in coastal waters off Yantai, China. Spawning period was predicted by gonad and pyloric caeca indices as well as anatomical and histological methods. In the A. amurensis population, both large individuals (>143 mm) and small ones (<42 mm) were present in all sampling months. The population size structure was driven by the appearance of big cohorts of individuals less than 55 mm from May to August. The appearance of small individuals in all months suggested a prolonged spawning period at other sites in this bay or sea stars growing slowly because of food shortage. An arm length is a good predictor to wet body weight for A. amurensis. The development of gonad was relative slow from May to September but rapidly reached a peak of 20.95 in October 2010, and then dropped remarkably, indicating its spawning lasted from October to November. The same phenomenon was found from March to May 2015, suggesting another spawning during March to May, which was also verified by the results of histologic analysis on ovary. The gonad index (GI) and pyloric caeca index (PCI) tended to show a negative relationship. Due to the poor food availability, the reproductive characteristics of sea star were most likely affected by the shellfish mariculturein Yantai coastal waters.

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Seasonal changes in biochemical composition of body walls, gonads and pyloric caeca in two populations ofSclerasterias mollis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) during the annual reproductive cycle

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Sex differences in biochemical composition, energy content and allocation to reproductive effort in the brooding sea star Leptasterias polaris

Sex differences in biochemical composition, energy content and allocation to reproductive effort in the brooding sea star Leptasterias polaris

Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic and Hepatic Protective Activities of Polysaccharides from Phascolosoma esculenta

Size distribution of individuals in the population of Asterias amurensis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) and its reproductive cycle in China

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