Seasonal changes in cold hardiness and carbohydrate metabolism in four garden rose cultivars

Ouyang, Lin; Leus, Leen; Keyser, Ellen De; Labeke, Marie-Christine Van

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2018.12.001

Cited by 25 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Of the four resultant classes of protocols, we recommend the use of either of the Lim approaches (Lim logistic or Lim gompertz ), in which all leakage data are converted to through zeroing against leakage from non-freezing (e.g., 4 ℃) and stretching against leakage from deep-freezing (e.g., − 80 ℃) treatments. Though we chose to fit leakage data to a general logistic curve (as in [ 20 ]) for reasons of parsimony and ease of interpretation, fitting to a Gompertz curve [ 13 , 22 – 24 ] generates similar results. Critical values obtained from this approach best predicted visually observed cambial browning across a variety of damage thresholds (20–80%; Additional file 3 ), including critical 50% values (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, curves are fit to adjusted data to model progressive accumulation of damage with exposure to freezing. Historically, most authors have fit data to generalized logistic curves [12,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20], but some may use linear models as well [11]. However, while such logistic models always represent damage in response to dropping temperatures as a symmetric, sigmoidal process, actual plant tissues may accrue damage asymmetrically.…”

Section: How Is Cold Hardiness Determined From Leakage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the temperature at which samples are boiled or heated and/or the time during which this temperature is reached are frequently not specified ([ 10 , 12 , 17 , 27 – 29 ], among others). And though autoclaving at 120/121 ℃ is typical (e.g., [ 9 , 20 , 30 ]), some [ 31 – 34 ] report using temperatures lower than the boiling point of water to heat kill samples. Yet Deans et al [ 16 ] find that even temperatures above 100 ℃ (they compare 105 vs. 121 ℃) vary in their capacity to induce electrolyte leakage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Kovaleski

Grossman

2021

Plant Methods

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Background A variety of basic and applied research programs in plant biology require the accurate and reliable determination of plant tissue cold hardiness. Over the past 50 years, the electrolyte leakage method has emerged as a popular and practical method for quantifying the amount of damage inflicted on plant tissue by exposure to freezing temperatures. Numerous approaches for carrying out this method and analyzing the resultant data have emerged. These include multiple systems for standardizing and modeling raw electrolyte leakage data and multiple protocols for boiling or autoclaving samples in order to maximize leakage as a positive control. We compare four different routines for standardization of leakage data and assess a novel control method—immersion in liquid nitrogen in lieu of traditional autoclaving—and apply them to woody twigs collected from 12 maple (Acer) species in early spring. We compare leakage data from these samples using each of four previously published forms of data analysis and autoclaving vs. liquid nitrogen controls and validate each of these approaches against visual estimates of freezing damage and differential thermal analysis. Results Through presentation of our own data and re-analysis of previously published findings, we show that standardization of raw data against estimates of both minimum and maximum attainable freezing damage allows for reliable estimation of cold hardiness at the species level and across studies in diverse systems. Furthermore, use of our novel liquid nitrogen control produces data commensurate across studies and enhances the consistency and realism of the electrolyte leakage method, especially for very cold hardy samples. Conclusion Future leakage studies that relativize data against minimum and maximum leakage and that employ our updated liquid nitrogen control will contribute generalizable, repeatable, and realistic data to the existing body of cold hardiness research in woody plants. Data from studies conducted using a liquid nitrogen (and not an autoclaving) control can still be compared to previously published data, especially when raw data are standardized using the best-performing approach among those we assessed. Electrolyte leakage of woody twigs emerges as a useful technique for quickly assessing the probability of tissue death in response to freezing in dormant plants. Differential thermal analysis may provide different and complementary information on cold hardiness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Is Cold Hardiness Determined From Leakage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Kovaleski

Grossman

2021

Plant Methods

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show abstract

“…Second, curves are fit to one of several curves chosen to model progressive accumulation of damage with exposure to freezing. Historically, most authors have fit data to generalized logistic curves [13][14][15][16][17], but some may use linear models as well [11]. However, while such logistic models always represent damage in response to dropping temperatures as a symmetric, sigmoidal process, actual plant tissues may accrue damage asymmetrically.…”

Section: How Is Cold Hardiness Determined From Leakage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the temperature at which samples are boiled or heated and/or the time during which this temperature is reached are frequently not specified ( [10,14,[24][25][26], among others). And though boiling at 120/121℃ is typical (e.g., [9,17,27]), some [28][29][30][31] report using temperatures lower than the boiling point of water to heat kill samples. Yet Deans et al [13] find that even temperatures above the boiling point (they compare 105° vs. 121℃) vary in their capacity to induce electrolyte leakage.…”

Section: What Is the Best Way To Standardize Measurements Of Freezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Kovaleski

Grossman

2021

Preprint

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Background. A variety of basic and applied research programs in plant biology require the accurate and reliable determination of plant tissue cold hardiness. Over the past 50 years, the electrolyte leakage method has emerged as a popular and practical method for quantifying the amount of damage inflicted on plant tissue by exposure to freezing temperatures. Numerous approaches for carrying out this method and analyzing the resultant data have emerged. These include multiple systems for standardizing and modeling raw electrolyte leakage data and multiple protocols for boiling samples in order to maximize leakage as a positive control. We compare four different routines for standardization of leakage data and assess a novel control method - immersion in liquid nitrogen in lieu of traditional boiling – and apply them to woody twigs collected from 12 maple (Acer) species in early spring. We compare leakage data from these samples using each of four previously published forms of data analysis and boiling vs. liquid nitrogen controls and validate each of these approaches against visual estimates of freezing damage and differential thermal analysis. Results. Through presentation of our own data and re-analysis of previously published findings, we show that standardization of raw data against estimates of both minimum and maximum attainable freezing damage allows for reliable estimation of cold hardiness at the species level and across studies in diverse systems. Furthermore, use of our novel liquid nitrogen control produces data commensurate across studies and enhances the consistency and realism of the electrolyte leakage method, especially for very cold hardy samples. Conclusion. Future leakage studies that relativize data against minimum and maximum leakage and that employ our updated liquid nitrogen control will contribute generalizable, repeatable, and realistic data to the existing body of cold hardiness research in woody plants. Data from studies conducted using a liquid nitrogen (and not a boiling) control can still be compared to previously published data, especially when raw data are standardized using the best-performing approach among those we assessed. Electrolyte leakage of woody twigs emerges as a useful technique for quickly assessing the probability of tissue death in response to freezing in dormant plants. Differential thermal analysis may provide different and complementary information on cold hardiness.

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A General Protocol for Accurate Gene Expression Analysis in Plants

Keyser¹,

Desmet

Losschaert

et al. 2019

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Seasonal changes in cold hardiness and carbohydrate metabolism in four garden rose cultivars

Cited by 25 publications

References 67 publications

Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

A General Protocol for Accurate Gene Expression Analysis in Plants

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