Seasonal Changes in Leaf Surface Waxes of Picea pungens

Reicosky, David A.; Hanover, James W.

doi:10.2307/2441912

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Leaves were harvested and small fragments (5 mm^) were cut with a scalpel from randomly chosen portions of the lamina and immediately mounted on aluminium stubs with silver paint (Reicosky and Hanover, 1976). A thin layer of gold-palladium alloy was evaporated on to the specimens in a Denton tilting stage evaporator.…”

Section: Sampling Procedures and Preparation For Scanning Electron MImentioning

confidence: 99%

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CUTICLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE STOMATAL REGION OF POPULUS CLONES

Pallardy

Kozlowski

1980

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYCuticle development and degree of stomatal occlusion of three Populus clones varied with growth environment and leaf type (early or late leaves). Whereas stomatal occlusion by cuticular components was negligible in plants of all clones grown in a moist controlled environment, heavier cuticle deposition and stomatal occlusion were found on abaxial surfaces of early, but not late leaves, of field-grown clones. Hence these Populus clones responded adaptively to the more xeric field conditions in a fashion that would restrict both stomatal and cuticular water loss. The cuticle around the stomatal apparatus of all clones was ridged, with elaborate stranded patterns emanating from the stomata. Stomatal ledges were found in all clones studied, and ledge aperture was not closely related to pore aperture of the guard cells because of variation in the point of attachment of the ledges to the outer lateral wall of the guard cells. Because stomatal pore and ledge apertures are independent, stomatal impressions (which reproduce ledge aperture only) should not be used to estimate stomatal aperture unless it can be shown that ledges are not present.

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Section: Sampling Procedures and Preparation For Scanning Electron MImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, occlusion of stomata by cuticular components has been shown in certain gymnosperms (e.g. Picea pungens Engelm., Reicosky and Hanover, 1976) and Acer saccharum Marsh. (Kozlowski, Davies and Carlson, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CUTICLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE STOMATAL REGION OF POPULUS CLONES

Pallardy

Kozlowski

1980

New Phytologist

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“…Part of this degradation process (taking place over 2-7 yr) can probably be attributed to natural senescence, as the transformation proceeds at slow rates irrespective of environmental conditions (Reicosky & Hanover, 1976;Sauter & Voss, 1986;Gunthardt-Goerg, 1991). It has been argued that this transformation reduces the specific surface area of indiyidual crystals and hence, for thermodynamic reasons, should occur spontaneously.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of dry O₃, SO₂ and NO₂ on reconstituted epicuticular wax tubules

1996

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S i; M M A R YEpicuticular -^vax tubules were reconstituted in vitro by recrystallizing nonacosan-10-ol from the soluble cuticular lipids o(Piceapungens Engelm. on a glass support. Fumigation of these preparations for 100 h with dry O., (1-8%), SO, (100 °o) or for 1500h with NO^ (0-1%) did not change their composition or crystal habit. Exposure of reconstituted wax tubules to 1 % of dry NO^ yielded planar crystals of nonacosan-10-one after 100 h. Eurther exposure (264 h) resulted in the complete degradation of aggregates and the formation of nonadecanoic and eicosanoic acids. The same oxidation steps and the accompanying changes of crystal shapes could be induced by fumigation of nonacosan-10-ol tubules with 100°o of dry NO^ for 0-25-1 h and for 2 h, respectively. The oxidation of nonacosan-10-ol depended on the doses applied. At ambient concentrations, equivalent doses would accumulate onjy over thousands of years. Oxidative transformations alone can therefore not account for the in vivo degradation of wax tubules on conifer needles.

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“…On in situ and in vitro cultured material, formation of some "cracks" was observed after stimulated elongation. Sizes and distribution of these "cracks" were related to longitudinal stress, which increased with increased cell wall elongation.It is now possible to study the surfaces of plant tissues using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (10, 11,15). Such a technique allows clear discernment of changes in cell wall structure (3,12,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is now possible to study the surfaces of plant tissues using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (10,11,15). Such a technique allows clear discernment of changes in cell wall structure (3,12,16).…”

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Critical study of coleoptile elongation controlled by IAA and ABA II. Epidermal surfaces analysed by SEM

Hofer

Schlienger

Pilet

1977

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Cell wall surface! of wheat coleoptiles treated with IAA and ABA were observed using SEM. On in situ and in vitro cultured material, formation of some "cracks" was observed after stimulated elongation. Sizes and distribution of these "cracks" were related to longitudinal stress, which increased with increased cell wall elongation.It is now possible to study the surfaces of plant tissues using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (10, 11,15). Such a technique allows clear discernment of changes in cell wall structure (3,12,16). On the other hand, the growth of a plant organ is usually tested only by measurement of its axial length (13). And it is well established that wheat coleoptile elongation may be controlled by exogenous indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) (8,9,19) and by abscisic acid (ABA) (1,20). Consequently, it was of interest to analyse-using SEM-the changes occuring in cell wall surfaces during growth of wheat coleoptiles treated or not with IAA and ABA (17). Material and methodsColeoptiles of Triticum vulgare, cv. Probus, were cultured for 72 hr (dark; 25 ±1°C), and seedlings with 20 ±1 mm coleoptiles were selected. As previously described (17), two series of assays were performed; 1) in situ experiments using coleoptiles of intact seedlings on filter paper with active solutions and 2) in vitro experiments using 5 mm segments excised at 5 mm from the tip (subapical segments) and immersed in active solutions (17).For SEM, two methods of sample preparation were used. 1. After fixation (6 hr) in a 4% buffered gliitaraldehyde solution, dehydration in a graded series of acetone and drying treatments (critical point drying apparatus with liquid COa), the specimens were coated with a metallic gold layer (about 40 nm thick) and observed at 15 keV (11,18).2. Fresh material was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen on the sample holder, and placed in the microscope at -150°C for direct observation at 5 keV, without any coating (7). Results and discussion

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Seasonal Changes in Leaf Surface Waxes of Picea pungens

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

CUTICLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE STOMATAL REGION OF POPULUS CLONES

CUTICLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE STOMATAL REGION OF POPULUS CLONES

The effects of dry O₃, SO₂ and NO₂ on reconstituted epicuticular wax tubules

Critical study of coleoptile elongation controlled by IAA and ABA II. Epidermal surfaces analysed by SEM

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Seasonal Changes in Leaf Surface Waxes of Picea pungens

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

CUTICLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE STOMATAL REGION OF POPULUS CLONES

CUTICLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE STOMATAL REGION OF POPULUS CLONES

The effects of dry O3, SO2 and NO2 on reconstituted epicuticular wax tubules

Critical study of coleoptile elongation controlled by IAA and ABA II. Epidermal surfaces analysed by SEM

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The effects of dry O₃, SO₂ and NO₂ on reconstituted epicuticular wax tubules