Seasonal changes in the epifaunal community on the shallow-water gorgonian <i>Melithaea flabellifera</i>

Kumagai, Naoki H.; Aoki, Masakazu

doi:10.1017/s002531540300852x

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, there was a peak in dispersal rate over the middle and long distance in the latter part of November 2002 (Fig. 6), despite the low density in the resident population (Kumagai & Aoki 2003). The evidence supports the notion that I. symbioticus is capable of efficient migration utilizing large water movements during storm and typhoon events.…”

Section: Dispersal Traits As a Habitat Specialistsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Dependent variables used for the analyses were (1) the density of the resident population of the amphipod (Kumagai & Aoki 2003), (2) the water temperature of the population (unpubl. data), (3) daily marine meteorological data at Cape Irozaki (34°36' N, 138°51' E: near to the study site), (4) monthly wave data of the maximum significant wave height at Shimoda Bay (34°40' N, 138°57' E: adjacent to the study site) (data available from www.pari.go.jp), as indices of the hydrodynamic drag force, and (5) the persistence rate of transplanted gorgonian samples (Kumagai et al 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amphipod dominates the epifaunal community on the gorgonian in terms of number (usually > 80%). Few possible competitors and predators occur on the gorgonian (Kumagai & Aoki 2003), which often can affect dispersal patterns. Secondly, M. flabellifera populations can be mapped easily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distance effects on patterns and processes of dispersal in an octocoral-associated amphipod

Kumagai¹

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Similar to pelagic larval dispersal, it has been suggested that dispersal of post-larval benthic organisms and species with direct development plays an important role in population persistence. However, effective dispersal distances required for the maintenance of local populations have been poorly characterized. This study elucidated distance effects on patterns and processes in dispersal of the amphipod Incisocalliope symbioticus, which is associated exclusively with the gorgonian octocoral Melithaea flabellifera. Dispersal patterns over an annual cycle were examined by the placement of defaunated gorgonians at 3 distance levels (< 0.2, 8, 70 m) for 1 wk. With an increase in distance from the source population, the dispersal rate decreased; conversely, the proportion of females and large individuals increased. This result suggested that colonizers that dispersed over long distances had the potential for rapid establishment of breeding aggregations, and therefore were responsible for the maintenance of local populations. Furthermore, the short-distance dispersal within a local population was dependent on the density of the resident population, whereas middleand long-distance dispersal resulted from density-independent passive transport, driven by typhoon and storm events. Results of direct observations on the movements of live and, as a control, dead amphipods toward a gorgonian patch in the field showed that the amphipods had sufficient swimming ability (3.4 m min -1 ) for short-distance dispersal, and actively selected to move toward the patch. These results indicated that the combination of passive transport and the active selection enables the amphipod to migrate over long distances among local populations, even though the habitat of the amphipod only occurs sporadically. KEY WORDS: Population persistence · Direct development · Host specialization · Storm · GorgonianResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Dispersal Traits As a Habitat Specialistsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distance effects on patterns and processes of dispersal in an octocoral-associated amphipod

Kumagai¹

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…C. californica [sensu lato] was listed as one of the dominant species of Caprella spp. from Amakusa, western Kyushu (Aoki 1999) and as one of the dominant epifaunal species on the gorgonian Melithaea flabellifera (Kükenthal, 1908) at the Izu Peninsula, central Japan (Kumagai and Aoki 2003). In 2001, the usage of Caprella spp.…”

Section: Caprella Scauroidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of two species of Caprella (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) from the North Pacific; C. californica Stimpson, 1857 and C. scauroides Mayer, 1903, with a new appraisal of species ranking for C. scauroides

Takeuchi

Oyamada

2012

Helgol Mar Res

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“…Octocorals are colonial animals that, in a number of ways, are similar to plants: they are sessile, have a shrub-like modular body plan, can regenerate tissue lost by predation or disturbance (e.g., Wahle 1983), and are chemically and structurally protected (reviewed in Coll 1992;Pawlik 1993). Incisocalliope symbioticus spends its life in association with M. Xabellifera (Kumagai and Aoki 2003); however, it does not cause any apparent damage to M. Xabellifera (personal observations), so it may feed on other food items. To test the hypothesis that habitat specialization by I. symbioticus is determined by factors other than food, I addressed the following questions: (1) Is the distribution of the amphipod restricted to M. Xabellifera?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of food source and predator avoidance in habitat specialization by an octocoral-associated amphipod

Kumagai

2008

Oecologia

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Small marine invertebrates often use sessile organisms as microhabitats, which can provide food sources and/or serve as refuges from predators. Because of the availability of external food items such as epibionts and detritus in the marine environment, these invertebrates may not depend on the sessile organisms as sole food sources. In this study, I hypothesized that habitat specialization by a marine invertebrate is determined by factors other than food. Results of Weld surveys oV the coast of the Izu Peninsula, on the eastern coast of Japan, showed that, with few exceptions, the distribution of the amphipod Incisocalliope symbioticus was restricted to the octocoral Melithaea Xabellifera. When presented with several habitat options, I. symbioticus selected M. Xabellifera most frequently, although some individuals chose the octocoral Acabaria japonica. The selection was proximately determined by water-borne cues from M. Xabellifera that appear to be unrelated to the octocoral as a food source, since the amphipod preferred detritus to the octocoral. As a chemical refuge, M. Xabellifera had an allelopathic eVect that deterred Wsh predation on the exposed epifauna. With regard to octocoral habitat in the study area, I. symbioticus may be restricted to M. Xabellifera because this was the only abundant octocoral consistently occurring in shallow water (·10 m), where predation is intensive. The relationship between I. symbioticus and M. Xabellifera was commensal and was ultimately driven by the value of M. Xabellifera as a chemical refuge from predation, rather than its food value. This study supports the idea that protection from predators, rather than food utilization, can promote ecological specialization.

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Seasonal changes in the epifaunal community on the shallow-water gorgonian Melithaea flabellifera

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Distance effects on patterns and processes of dispersal in an octocoral-associated amphipod

Distance effects on patterns and processes of dispersal in an octocoral-associated amphipod

Description of two species of Caprella (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) from the North Pacific; C. californica Stimpson, 1857 and C. scauroides Mayer, 1903, with a new appraisal of species ranking for C. scauroides

Role of food source and predator avoidance in habitat specialization by an octocoral-associated amphipod

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