Seasonal changes in the territorial behaviour of the satyrine butterfly Lethe diana are mediated by temperature

Ide, Jun-Ya

doi:10.1007/s10164-002-0056-9

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our results suggest that the mobility of males is more related to the mating system, which in turn is affected by population density and sex ratio and can also vary between different landscape types (Merckx and Van Dyck 2005;Van Dyck and Matthysen 1999). Thermal conditions have been shown to affect male mate location behaviour at the population level (Ide 2002;Kemp and Rutowski 2001), but the effect is unclear at the individual level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Flight metabolic rate has contrasting effects on dispersal in the two sexes of the Glanville fritillary butterfly

et al. 2010

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Evolution of dispersal is affected by context-specific costs and benefits. One example is sex-biased dispersal in mammals and birds. While many such patterns have been described, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we study genetic and phenotypic traits that affect butterfly flight capacity and examine how these traits are related to dispersal in male and female Glanville fritillary butterflies (Melitaea cinxia). We performed two mark-recapture experiments to examine the associations of individuals' peak flight metabolic rate (MR(peak)) and Pgi genotype with their dispersal in the field. In a third experiment, we studied tethered flight in the laboratory. MR(peak) was negatively correlated with dispersal distance in males but the trend was positive in females, and the interaction between MR(peak) and sex was significant for long-distance dispersal. A similar but nonsignificant trend was found in relation to molecular variation at Pgi, which encodes a glycolytic enzyme: the genotype associated with high MR(peak) tended to be less dispersive in males but more dispersive in females. The same pattern was repeated in the tethered flight experiment: the relationship between MR(peak) and flight duration was positive in females but negative in males. These results suggest that females with high flight capacity are superior in among-population dispersal, which facilitates the spatial spreading of their reproductive effort. In contrast, males with high flight capacity may express territorial behaviour, and thereby increase the number of matings, whereas inferior males may be forced to disperse. Thus, flight capacity has opposite associations with dispersal rate in the two sexes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Flight metabolic rate has contrasting effects on dispersal in the two sexes of the Glanville fritillary butterfly

et al. 2010

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“…The occurrence of territorial defense throughout the year in P. phronius contrasts with other studies on temperate species, which typically show some dependency of male behavior on climatic factors (Wickman and Wiklund 1983;Wickman 1985bWickman , 1988Ide 2002). However, P. phronius follows a pattern similar to that found for another tropical butterfly species-H. bolina (Kemp 2001a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Alternatively, it may be possible that the territories occupied by males of P. phronius during periods of high male abundance do not have worse qualities than the areas recurrently occupied during the year. If males and females select mating sites by using some environmental characteristic that varies seasonally (Ide 2002), it may be possible that a greater number of areas become suitable for territorial defense during periods that coincide with higher male abundance. However, to clarify this picture, it is still necessary to analyze the mating frequency of males at different sites and to discover whether environmental cues are used by males to select suitable sites for territorial defense, and, if so, what these cues are.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies associating alternative mate-locating tactics with population density and weather conditions in butterflies usually report that male mating tactics are more strongly affected by climatic conditions than by the number of males trying to take over the available territories (Wickman and Wiklund 1983;Wickman 1985bWickman , 1988Alcock and O'Neill 1986;Alcock 1994;Kemp 2001a;Ide 2002). However, the lack of a relationship between male behavior and density may result from the fact that male density per se is a poor predictor of the costs associated with territorial defense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Seasonal effects of density on territory occupation by males of the satyrine butterfly Paryphthimoides phronius (Butler 1867)

Peixoto

Benson

2009

J Ethol

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Territorial defense in butterflies may be related to both population density and climatic conditions. If these factors change throughout the year, males are expected to adaptively adjust their behavior in order to maximize reproductive success. In this study, we analyzed the annual dynamics of territory occupation by males of the satyrine butterfly Paryphthimoides phronius at a mildly seasonal subtropical site in southeastern Brazil. We investigated the relationship between the number of defended sites, number of males disputing mating areas, proportion of males adopting alternative mate-locating tactics, and the proportion of time invested in territorial disputes with annual variations in temperature and male density. We found little support for the influence of temperature on the dynamics of territory occupation. On the other hand, the number of defended sites increased with male density, whereas the number of males inside each territory, the proportion of satellite males, and the proportion of time spent in territorial disputes were unrelated to variations in population abundance. Territory defense seems to be adopted whenever possible. We conclude that, instead of increasing the number of individuals disputing the same territory during months of high population abundance, males apparently opt to colonize and defend new and, maybe, suboptimal areas.

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“…Watt et al (1977) drew a survivorship curve of a butterfly population from the residence time data of each butterfly, and then they estimated the mean expected residence time. Since dispersal distance of L. diana is very short (Ide 2000(Ide , 2002 and there seemed to be almost no migration in the study area, the mean expected residence time was considered equivalent to average longevity. I then calculated correlations between average longevities and the proportions of L. diana with beak marks.…”

Section: Beak Marks and Average Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and seasonal differences in the frequency of beak marks on the wings of twoLethebutterflies

Ide

2005

Ecological Research

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To assess bird predation pressure on butterflies, I investigated beak marks on the wings of two Lethe butterflies for 3 years in secondary temperate forests. If bird predation had significant effects on average longevity of butterflies, and if the number of specimens preyed upon was proportionate to the number of beak-marked specimens, the beak mark frequency would be negatively correlated with average longevity of a butterfly. Bird predation pressure is generally thought to influence average longevity of butterflies. Therefore, if there is a negative correlation between beak mark frequency and average longevity, bird predation pressure would be reflected in beak mark frequency. Beak mark frequency was negatively correlated with longevity in Lethe diana (Butler), the more abundant of the two species; thus, the beak mark frequency was considered to be a suitable index of bird predation pressure on the butterflies investigated in this study. In both Lethe species, beak mark frequency was higher in females than in males. Because female butterflies have a relatively smaller thorax and flight muscles and a larger abdomen that contains eggs, they are presumably weaker or less agile fliers than males, and are probably attacked more easily by birds. In autumn, butterflies were heavily attacked by birds irrespective of sex and species. Because the numbers of lepidopteran larvae, which are the preferred prey of many birds, decreased in autumn, birds were thought to shift their diets to alternative prey such as adult butterflies.

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Seasonal changes in the territorial behaviour of the satyrine butterfly Lethe diana are mediated by temperature

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Flight metabolic rate has contrasting effects on dispersal in the two sexes of the Glanville fritillary butterfly

Flight metabolic rate has contrasting effects on dispersal in the two sexes of the Glanville fritillary butterfly

Seasonal effects of density on territory occupation by males of the satyrine butterfly Paryphthimoides phronius (Butler 1867)

Sexual and seasonal differences in the frequency of beak marks on the wings of twoLethebutterflies

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