Seasonal Changes of Shoot Nitrogen Concentrations and<sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N Ratios in Common Reed in a Constructed Wetland

Choi, Woo‐Jung; Chang, Scott X.; Ro, Hee‐Myong

doi:10.1080/00103620500303913

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Kolb and Evans [97] and Garten [107] found no significant differences in the δ 15 N values of living and abscised leaves, which suggested a lack of 15 N discrimination with N remobilization. Conversely, several other studies have found older or senescent plant leaves to be characterized by higher δ 15 N values, which has been attributed to a kinetic isotopic fractionation associated with N catabolism and reallocation [108]–[110]. We observed no significant difference between leaf δ 15 N at 75 d and 115 d for the control group, suggesting that under normal circumstances, there is no significant fractionation associated with N remobilization from leaves for this variety of maize.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry of Seabird Guano Fertilization: Results from Growth Chamber Studies with Maize (Zea Mays)

et al. 2012

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Background Stable isotope analysis is being utilized with increasing regularity to examine a wide range of issues (diet, habitat use, migration) in ecology, geology, archaeology, and related disciplines. A crucial component to these studies is a thorough understanding of the range and causes of baseline isotopic variation, which is relatively poorly understood for nitrogen (δ 15 N). Animal excrement is known to impact plant δ 15 N values, but the effects of seabird guano have not been systematically studied from an agricultural or horticultural standpoint. Methodology/Principal Findings This paper presents isotopic (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) and vital data for maize ( Zea mays ) fertilized with Peruvian seabird guano under controlled conditions. The level of 15 N enrichment in fertilized plants is very large, with δ 15 N values ranging between 25.5 and 44.7‰ depending on the tissue and amount of fertilizer applied; comparatively, control plant δ 15 N values ranged between −0.3 and 5.7‰. Intraplant and temporal variability in δ 15 N values were large, particularly for the guano-fertilized plants, which can be attributed to changes in the availability of guano-derived N over time, and the reliance of stored vs. absorbed N. Plant δ 13 C values were not significantly impacted by guano fertilization. High concentrations of seabird guano inhibited maize germination and maize growth. Moreover, high levels of seabird guano greatly impacted the N metabolism of the plants, resulting in significantly higher tissue N content, particularly in the stalk. Conclusions/Significance The results presented in this study demonstrate the very large impact of seabird guano on maize δ 15 N values. The use of seabird guano as a fertilizer can thus be traced using stable isotope analysis in food chemistry applications (certification of organic inputs). Furthermore, the fertilization of maize with seabird guano creates an isotopic signature very similar to a high-trophic level marine resource, which must be considered when interpreting isotopic data from archaeological material.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry of Seabird Guano Fertilization: Results from Growth Chamber Studies with Maize (Zea Mays)

et al. 2012

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“…No clear pattern in Δ 15 N other plant part-leaf was observed, likely because of confounding factors such as differences in root morphology, depth and distribution, microhabitat, mycorrhizal associations and growing stage. The root crowns examined here have higher N contents ( Fig 5 ) and δ 15 N ( Fig 3 ) than other plant parts; this difference is statistically significant for N content, but not for δ 15 N. As discussed earlier, nitrogen contents of different plant parts commonly show variations between active growing and senescent stages in herbaceous plants [ 114 , 115 ]. The higher N content of the root crowns in this study is best explained by N re-allocation from leaves to below ground parts late in the growing season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Nitrogen and carbon isotopic dynamics of subarctic soils and plants in southern Yukon Territory and its implications for paleoecological and paleodietary studies

et al. 2017

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We examine here the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of bulk soils (8 topsoil and 7 subsoils, including two soil profiles) and five different plant parts of 79 C3 plants from two main functional groups: herbs and shrubs/subshrubs, from 18 different locations in grasslands of southern Yukon Territory, Canada (eastern shoreline of Kluane Lake and Whitehorse area). The Kluane Lake region in particular has been identified previously as an analogue for Late Pleistocene eastern Beringia. All topsoils have higher average total nitrogen δ15N and organic carbon δ13C than plants from the same sites with a positive shift occurring with depth in two soil profiles analyzed. All plants analyzed have an average whole plant δ13C of −27.5 ± 1.2 ‰ and foliar δ13C of –28.0 ± 1.3 ‰, and average whole plant δ15N of −0.3 ± 2.2 ‰ and foliar δ15N of –0.6 ± 2.7 ‰. Plants analyzed here showed relatively smaller variability in δ13C than δ15N. Their average δ13C after suitable corrections for the Suess effect should be suitable as baseline for interpreting diets of Late Pleistocene herbivores that lived in eastern Beringia. Water availability, nitrogen availability, spacial differences and intra-plant variability are important controls on δ15N of herbaceous plants in the study area. The wider range of δ15N, the more numerous factors that affect nitrogen isotopic composition and their likely differences in the past, however, limit use of the modern N isotopic baseline for vegetation in paleodietary models for such ecosystems. That said, the positive correlation between foliar δ15N and N content shown for the modern plants could support use of plant δ15N as an index for plant N content and therefore forage quality. The modern N isotopic baseline cannot be applied directly to the past, but it is prerequisite to future efforts to detect shifts in N cycling and forage quality since the Late Pleistocene through comparison with fossil plants from the same region.

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“…In reed species, including P. australis, relocation of N and P from aboveground organs into belowground organs has been observed to occur after flowering and from belowground organs to aboveground organs in spring at the beginning of the vegetation period (Davis & van der Valk, 1983;Choi et al, 2005). In sampling site K1 on Paljassaare, N accounted for 3.75% DM in the leaf blades of P. australis in August and for 1.73% in October, so a 2.2-fold decrease was observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The peninsula is a favourable habitat for bird species of all-European importance and other protected animal and plant species. In 2005, with the Estonian Government Regulation No. 144 (RTI 07.07.2005, the Paljassaare Special Protection Area with an area of 277 hectares was placed under legal protection as Paljassaare Special Conservation Area (Paljassaare hoiuala kaitsekorralduskava, 2006(Paljassaare hoiuala kaitsekorralduskava, -2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eutrophication level ofPhragmites australishabitats at a shallow coastal lake, Paljassaare Peninsula, Tallinn, Estonia

Elvisto

2010

Estonian J. Ecol.

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The eutrophication level of a lake situated in the centre of the Paljassaare Peninsula, Estonia, was estimated using chemical characteristics of common reed (Phragmites australis). Comparison with other Estonian waterbodies revealed considerable differences. The N and P concentrations in the leaves and the N concentration in the stems of P. australis during the phenophase of early flowering were in Paljassaare (data from 11 sampling sites) 1.5-2-fold higher than in the eutrophic Lake Võrtsjärv, in the high-productivity delta of the Kasari River, and in the Väike Väin Strait. For P in stems the differences were even greater. The N/P ratio in P. australis shoots indicated N limitation in the lake and seashore on the Paljassaare Peninsula (N/P ratio 6-11), the Kasari River delta (ratio 8), and the Väike Väin Strait (ratio 12), but P limitation in the oligotrophic Lake Tänavjärv (ratio 21). In the eutrophic Lake Võrtsjärv the accessibility of N and P is probably balanced (N/P ratio 15). As large amounts of nutrients have accumulated in the lake on Paljassaare, the process of its growing over has accelerated during the last decade.

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Seasonal Changes of Shoot Nitrogen Concentrations and¹⁵N/¹⁴N Ratios in Common Reed in a Constructed Wetland

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry of Seabird Guano Fertilization: Results from Growth Chamber Studies with Maize (Zea Mays)

Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry of Seabird Guano Fertilization: Results from Growth Chamber Studies with Maize (Zea Mays)

Nitrogen and carbon isotopic dynamics of subarctic soils and plants in southern Yukon Territory and its implications for paleoecological and paleodietary studies

Eutrophication level ofPhragmites australishabitats at a shallow coastal lake, Paljassaare Peninsula, Tallinn, Estonia

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Seasonal Changes of Shoot Nitrogen Concentrations and15N/14N Ratios in Common Reed in a Constructed Wetland

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry of Seabird Guano Fertilization: Results from Growth Chamber Studies with Maize (Zea Mays)

Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry of Seabird Guano Fertilization: Results from Growth Chamber Studies with Maize (Zea Mays)

Nitrogen and carbon isotopic dynamics of subarctic soils and plants in southern Yukon Territory and its implications for paleoecological and paleodietary studies

Eutrophication level ofPhragmites australishabitats at a shallow coastal lake, Paljassaare Peninsula, Tallinn, Estonia

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Seasonal Changes of Shoot Nitrogen Concentrations and¹⁵N/¹⁴N Ratios in Common Reed in a Constructed Wetland