SEASONAL CONTROL OF TUBERIZATION IN POTATO: Conserved Elements with the Flowering Response

Rodríguez-Falcón, Mariana; Bou, Jordi; Prat, Salomé

doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105224

Cited by 204 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…tuberization in potatoes and bud dormancy in trees (Martinez-García et al 2002;Böhlenius et al 2006;Rodríguez-Falcón et al 2006). The analysis of CO and FT expression in aspen trees has already given very interesting new insights into the role of these factors in local adaptation.…”

Section: Genes and Development 2379mentioning

confidence: 99%

Move on up, it’s time for change—mobile signals controlling photoperiod-dependent flowering

Kobayashi

Weigel²

2007

Genes Dev.

409

348

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Plants do not bloom randomly-but how do they know when and where to make flowers? Here, we review molecular mechanisms that integrate spatial and temporal information in day-length-dependent flowering. Primarily through genetic analyses in two species, Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, we today understand the essentials of two central issues in plant biology: how the appropriate photoperiod generates an inductive stimulus based on an external coincidence mechanism, and the nature of the mobile flowering signal, florigen, which relays photoperiod-dependent information from the leaf to the growing tip of the plant, the shoot apex.We all love springtime, not least because flowers are everywhere. But how do plants know it is the right time to bloom? Just like us, plants can recognize the seasons. Among different indicators such as temperature and light, the increase in day length is the most robust telltale sign that spring is upon us, at least for those of us who do not live in the tropics. The ability to recognize and respond to changes in day length is known as photoperiodism and is common to both plants and animals. In this review, we will focus on events downstream from the circadian clock that relay the photoperiodic signal from the site of perception, the leaves, to the shoot apex, where flowers are formed. Recent advances in this area have finally provided a molecular underpinning for two long-standing tenets of plant biology, the external coincidence model and the florigen hypothesis. The discovery of photoperiodic control of floweringOne of the first to recognize the importance of day length in flowering was the English botanist Arthur Henfrey (1852), who suggested that summer day length, which changes with latitude, is an important factor in determining where plants could grow. Some 50 years later, the French scientist Tournois (1912) found that both Humulus (hop) and Cannabis (hemp) flower precociously when kept in winter in a greenhouse supplemented with artificial light, in agreement with Henfrey's postulate. The German Klebs made similar observations with Sempervivum (house leek). Importantly, he realized that it was unlikely to be light quantity (as a nutritive factor, as he called it) but rather light duration (acting as a catalytic factor) that was critical in this process (summarized in Klebs 1913).Despite Tournois' and Klebs' contributions, the discovery of day length as a crucial factor in flowering control is generally accredited to Wightman Garner and Harry Allard, scientists at the US Department of Agriculture. Allard (1920, 1923) were working on two practical problems. One was the question of why certain strains of soybeans often would initiate flowers more or less simultaneously, typically during the height of summer, even if farmers had spread out the sowing dates. The other related to a tobacco variety that had spontaneously arisen in the field. This strain, appropriately called "Maryland Mammoth," would grow very tall, yielding nearly 100 leaves, whereas normal tobacco plants switch to ma...

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Section: Genes and Development 2379mentioning

confidence: 99%

Move on up, it’s time for change—mobile signals controlling photoperiod-dependent flowering

Kobayashi

Weigel²

2007

Genes Dev.

409

348

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In many plant species, FT homologues have been demonstrated to play a role in flowering (Pin and Nilsson, 2012). On the other hand, FT protein is reported to have nonflowering-related functions in some species, namely tuberization in potato, and bud set in poplar and conifers (Böhlenius et al, 2006;Gyllenstrand et al, 2007;Rodriguez-Falcon et al, 2006).…”

Section: ) Identification Of Flowering-related Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Floral Induction in Citrus

Nishikawa¹

2013

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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In the citrus industry, juvenility and alternate bearing are serious problems that cause lengthening of the breeding cycle and instability of annual fruit production, respectively. Both phenomena are closely related to flowering behavior: juvenility is caused by suppression of flowering in young plants and alternate bearing mainly results from suppression of flowering by fruit production. Many researchers have conducted studies into citrus flowering in a quest to resolve these problems. In recent years, molecular and genetic approaches to studying citrus flowering have been performed on the basis of studies on flowering-related genes in Arabidopsis. In Arabidopsis, the protein encoding a flowering-related gene, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), plays an important role in the promotion of flowering. Similarly, a citrus orthologue of FT (CiFT) has been confirmed to have a function in the promotion of flowering in citrus. In studies of transgenic plants, a CiFT co-expression vector has been already used to shorten the juvenile phase of citrus. In addition, endogenous expression of CiFT is closely correlated with flowering under various conditions, suggesting that endogenous CiFT may regulate floral induction. Considering the accumulating data, the regulation of CiFT expression is hypothesized to be essential to understand the mechanism of citrus flowering and studies on CiFT are expected to contribute to the resolution of flowering-related problems in citrus.

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“…In some plant species, other roles of FT have been reported besides flowering. In potato, FT works on tuberization (Rodriguez-Falcon et al, 2006), and the FT homologue in poplar plays a role in dormancy (Böhlenius et al, 2006). Thus, in the stem of fruiting shoots, CiFT might have an unknown developmental role other than floral induction.…”

Section: Fruit Bearing and Cift Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Bearing Suppresses Citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression in Vegetative Shoots of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)

Nishikawa

Iwasaki

Fukamachi

et al. 2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Citrus trees alternate between rich and poor crops and are known to be alternate-bearing crops. Alternate bearing results from suppression of flowering due to bearing of fruits. To understand the molecular mechanism how fruit bearing affects flowering, we investigated the relationship between fruits and a flowering-related gene, citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT). On trees with different amounts of fruits, the fruit weight/leaf area ratio at harvest was negatively and highly correlated with CiFT expression in the vegetative shoots during fall and winter, which is the period of floral induction. In addition, CiFT expression levels during fall and winter were positively and highly correlated with the flower number the following spring. These results indicate that fruit growth suppresses CiFT expression and decreases the flower number the next spring. In another experiment conducted to determine the effect of the period of fruit bearing on CiFT expression, trees having 3 primary scaffold branches were analyzed. From each branch in 1 tree, all the flowers or fruits were harvested at different times. In November, CiFT was expressed at different levels in each branch, with a tendency to be low in the stem of vegetative shoots from branches that bore fruits for longer periods. This result indicates that a long fruit-bearing period suppresses CiFT expression in vegetative shoots. CiFT expression was detected at much higher levels in fruit-bearing shoots than in vegetative shoots in September. In January, the high levels of CiFT expression in bearing shoots decreased to levels lower than those found in vegetative shoots. Thus, in fruit-bearing shoots, the CiFT expression of an unknown relationship to floral induction is observed during the period before floral induction and the seasonal change of CiFT expression in fruit-bearing shoots is different from that in vegetative shoots.

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SEASONAL CONTROL OF TUBERIZATION IN POTATO: Conserved Elements with the Flowering Response

Cited by 204 publications

References 145 publications

Move on up, it’s time for change—mobile signals controlling photoperiod-dependent flowering

Move on up, it’s time for change—mobile signals controlling photoperiod-dependent flowering

Regulation of Floral Induction in Citrus

Fruit Bearing Suppresses Citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression in Vegetative Shoots of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)

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