Seasonal Development of Gryllotalpa Africana(orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) on Turfgrass in South Africa

Abstract

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Flight Patterns ofGryllotalpa africana(Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in South Africa

“…Field (De Graaf et al 2004 for detailed information) and ßight (Table 1) sex ratio data (as a male percentage, respectively) were normally distributed in the linear scale (Sokal and Rohlf 1997) (Sokal and Rohlf 1997) showed no signiÞcant difference between the Þeld and ßight sex ratios of mole crickets at Pretoria Country Club (t ϭ Ϫ2.40; df ϭ 1, 6; P ϭ 0.05) (Statistica, StatSoft Inc. 1995).…”

“…The reproductive information of ßying individuals combined with the seasonal life cycle and ontogenic stage occurrences in the Þeld (De Graaf et al 2004), indicate individuals ßying from September to February were individuals that overwintered as late instars and adults. In early spring, the proportion of females with mature eggs was higher in Þeld-collected than ßying females (De Graaf et al 2004). This may either reßect small ßight sample sizes or the fact that females with immature oocytes tend to ßy.…”

“…This may either reßect small ßight sample sizes or the fact that females with immature oocytes tend to ßy. Some newly developed adults probably initiate ßying in February (De Graaf et al 2004). Overwintered adults seemed to be dead by March (De Graaf et al 2004) and females ßying from March to May may therefore comprise newly developed adults.…”

“…Some newly developed adults probably initiate ßying in February (De Graaf et al 2004). Overwintered adults seemed to be dead by March (De Graaf et al 2004) and females ßying from March to May may therefore comprise newly developed adults. From a more holistic point of view, it seemed that females did not ßy as a response to being reproductively mature or containing mature eggs.…”