Seasonal differences in breast-feeding in rural Egypt

Serdula, M K; Seward, Jane F.; Marks, J S; Staehling, Norman W.; Galal, Osman; Trowbridge, Frederick L.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/44.3.405

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Effect modification by maternal education may also partly explain the comparability between our results and those from Egypt 13 (be more similar to the Pelotas poor) and Sweden 16 (more similar to the Pelotas rich). It would not explain, however, why in Sweden higher temperatures were associated with shorter breastfeeding, because in the Pelotas rich no association was detected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…These studies found that levels of both substances—known for their protective immunological properties—were higher in the dry season and significantly decreased during the rainy months that are associated with food scarcity. An earlier study from Egypt 13 had investigated breastfeeding patterns in two cross-sectional surveys in the hot and cool seasons, showing that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in children aged 6–11 months was substantially higher in the hot than in the cool season—this study was performed before the older age of 6 months for exclusive breastfeeding was recommended by international organizations. We found a single study from high-income countries also reported on this topic 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonality of infant feeding practices in three Brazilian birth cohorts

González‐Chica

Gonçalves

Nazmi

et al. 2012

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Background We assessed the influence of season of birth on duration of breastfeeding and other feeding patterns in three population-based birth cohort studies in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil.Methods In 1982, 1993 and 2004, all hospital-born children in the city were enrolled in three cohort studies (n = 5914, 5249 and 4287, respectively). Children and their mothers were periodically visited in the first 2 years of life, to collect information on the duration of breastfeeding and the ages at which different types of foods were introduced on a regular basis. Two independent variables were studied: month of birth and mean environmental temperature in the first month of life. Survival analyses and chi-squared tests were used to evaluate the associations. Temperature-based slope indices of inequality were also calculated.Results Duration of breastfeeding was lower among children born from April to June (months preceding winter) and spending their first month of life in colder temperatures. The influence of season of birth on breastfeeding patterns and the introduction of cow's milk differed according to maternal education, with the strongest effects among children belonging to less educated mothers. Early introduction of fruits (1982 and 1993 cohorts) and vegetables (1982 cohort) were also associated with lower environmental temperature in the first month of life, but not with trimester of birth.Conclusion Colder temperatures adversely affect duration of breastfeeding and feeding patterns in infancy, especially among the poorest. This finding should be considered in breastfeeding promotion programmes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of infant feeding practices in three Brazilian birth cohorts

González‐Chica

Gonçalves

Nazmi

et al. 2012

International Journal of Epidemiology

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“…The 2005 EDHS data were collected between March and July of 2005, whereas the 2000 EDHS data were collected between February and March of 2000. The diarrhoea season in upper Egypt occurs later in the year between August and September, during the hot season (Serdula et al. 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extent to which parasitic infections contribute to the national-level increases in childhood anaemia in Egypt is impossible to determine from current data. The most recent estimates suggest the prevalence of hookworm and Schistosomiasis to be about 10% nationally (Raso 2007;Hotez 2008 (Serdula et al 1986). Although neither survey occurred during August and September, the 2005 survey was conducted during warmer months than the 2000 survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaemia among Egyptian Children between 2000 and 2005: trends and predictors

Austin

Fawzi

Hill³

2011

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Anaemia remains the most prevalent nutritional disorder among women and children in the Middle East and North Africa region. We examined anaemia trends using data from the Egyptian Demographic and Health Surveys. Between 2000 and 2005, the prevalence of anaemia (defined as haemoglobin concentrations <11 g dL(-1) ) increased from 37.04% to over 52% among Egyptian children between 12 months and 36 months of age. We examined the associations of these changes with food consumption, vitamin A administration, recent illness, immunization status, socio-demographic factors and a child's anaemic status. Children under the age of 24 months who had recently been sick and those who resided in Upper Egypt were significantly more likely to be anaemic. Despite significant improvements in water and sanitation facilities, maternal education and asset-based household wealth, there were marked declines in the consumption of nutritive foods and increases in the prevalence of childhood diarrhoea between 2000 and 2005. Placing these analyses in the broader context of Egyptian economic trends suggests that the nutritional basket consumed by Egyptian households between 2000 and 2005 may have shifted towards less nutritive foods with lower costs per calorie, probably in response to economic difficulties and increasing food prices. Shifts in dietary consumption, in conjunction with increases in diarrhoea, are likely contributing to the rapid increase in childhood anaemia in Egypt between 2000 and 2005. National-level fortification efforts may be one way to combat rising levels of anaemia among Egyptian women and children.

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“…These results are similar to those reported from other developing countries. [7,19,20] Women who said that they did not have enough milk, may not have had the help and support they needed from their family Physiologically the amount of milk a women produces depends more on the frequency, duration and intensity of infant suckling than on maternal age, nutrition or parity. [21,22] Many mothers face obstacles in maintaining lactation because of lack of support from health care professionals and family and the need to return to work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Breast Feeding Patterns in Thi-Qar Governorate

Majeed¹

2008

MJBU

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Background: Human milk is the ideal and uniquely superior food for infant for first year of life. Some sociodemographic factor correlate most strongly with the prevalence and duration of breast feeding. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of breast feeding and factors influencing the feeding practices in a study population in Thi-Qar governorate. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: in three hospitals in Thi-qar governorate, the mother of infants in the primary health care units of these hospitals, had been randomly selected and interviewed with a questionnaire which included information about the age, sex and mode of feeding for the infants, and the sociodemographic status of the mothers. The sociodemographic variables included, urban / rural residence, educational level, occupation or employment, family income, place and type of delivery and contraceptive use. Results: the prevalence of breast feeding was 90%, and bottle feeding prevalence was 10%; the mean time of weaning was 11 months. Factor that were significantly associated with duration of breast feeding were maternal age, level of education, area of residence, occupation, family income, place and type of delivery and contraceptive use. The most common reasons for refusing to breast feed were in adequately secreted milk and the mother employment outside the home. Conclusions: the prevalence of women nursing breast feeding was higher than the estimated national data the prevalence of the bottle-feeding was higher in women who needed to work out of their homes and in those with higher educational level

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Seasonal differences in breast-feeding in rural Egypt

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Seasonality of infant feeding practices in three Brazilian birth cohorts

Seasonality of infant feeding practices in three Brazilian birth cohorts

Anaemia among Egyptian Children between 2000 and 2005: trends and predictors

Factors Influencing Breast Feeding Patterns in Thi-Qar Governorate

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