Seasonal driving sources and hydrological-induced secular trend of the vertical displacement in North China

Evaluation of Terrestrial Water Storage and Flux in North China by Using GRACE Combined Gravity Field Solutions and Hydrometeorological Models

“…The monthly gridded precipitation data, generated by interpolating 2472 rain gauge records [24,39], were downloaded from the China Meteorological Data Service Centre (http://data.cma.cn, accessed on 1 May 2023). These data were subjected to quality control and validated to have good applicability in China [24,29]. The bilinear interpolation method, a two-dimensional spatial interpolation algorithm, is easy to implement with full consideration of the information of the neighboring points, therefore it was used here to downscale the original spatial resolution of 0.5 • × 0.5 • to 0.25 • × 0.25 • , in order to match the TWSA spatial map [40].…”

“…Given the good applicability of the leakage-correction method in North China, we therefore applied it to correct the TWSA derived from Tongji-GraceCom solutions. By using the least-squares harmonic analysis [23,29], the long-term spatial trends of TWSA changes were estimated. Meanwhile, those from CSR and JPL mascon solutions are also presented as further comparisons.…”

“…Numerous studies have focused on estimating the change rates of TWS-related elements using GRACE-based models over different periods [1,2,[22][23][24][25][26], and the driving factors and mechanisms of water resource change have been further investigated [27,28]. Furthermore, the environmental disasters induced by the depletion of water resources have been studied in-depth [3,6,7,29]. These efforts, not only facilitate the improvement of inversion methods for various hydrological elements but also provide sufficient references for realizing the serious challenges of water resources and formulating disaster prevention measures for North China.…”