Seasonal Dynamics of Aphid Flights and Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus Spread in Alabama

Mahas, Jessica B.; Ray, Charles; Kesheimer, Adam; Conner, Kassie; Jacobson, Alana L.

doi:10.3390/insects14070604

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Populations of P. middletonii have been observed to peak earlier in the cotton-growing season than A. gossypii [35]. Mahas et al, 2022, also showed that some CLRDV spread coincided with the peak flights of P. middletonii, which was also observed in our companion manuscript [52]. These observations provide rationale for testing the vector competence of this species, but it would not help to explain why the high incidence of CLRDV appears to be restricted to southern portions of Alabama and Georgia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Such information is valuable in the context of understanding the epidemiology of CLRDV, because it shows a greater abundance of the vector in areas with a higher reported incidence of CLRDV. A companion study examining CLRDV spread in relation to aphid flights in southern AL, central AL, and northern AL showed that virus spread was detected over a greater number of weeks in southern and central AL than northern AL, where fewer A. gossypii were observed [52]. Resources were not available to monitor virus spread at all sampled locations; however, taken together, the results of these studies show that the primary vector of CLRDV has a variable abundance from VA to TX.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Spatiotemporal Distribution, Abundance, and Seasonal Dynamics of Cotton-Infesting Aphids in the Southern U.S.

Mahas,

Ray

et al. 2023

Insects

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Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is an emerging aphid-borne pathogen infecting cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the southern United States (U.S.). The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, infests cotton annually and is the only known vector to transmit CLRDV to cotton. Seven other species have been reported to feed on, but not often infest, cotton: Protaphis middletonii Thomas, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, Myzus persicae Sulzer, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale Sasaki, and Smynthurodes betae Westwood. These seven have not been studied in cotton, but due to their potential epidemiological importance, an understanding of the intra- and inter-annual variations of these species is needed. In 2020 and 2021, aphids were monitored from North Carolina to Texas using pan traps around cotton fields. All of the species known to infest cotton, excluding A. fabae, were detected in this study. Protaphis middletonii and A. gossypii were the most abundant species identified. The five other species of aphids captured were consistently low throughout the study and, with the exception of R. rufiabdominale, were not detected at all locations. The abundance, distribution, and seasonal dynamics of cotton-infesting aphids across the southern U.S. are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatiotemporal Distribution, Abundance, and Seasonal Dynamics of Cotton-Infesting Aphids in the Southern U.S.

Mahas,

Ray

et al. 2023

Insects

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Genetic Diversity of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus from the Southwestern United States and Its Implications for the Multi-Introduction Event Hypothesis and Future Evolution

Ferguson,

Ali

2024

Plant Disease

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Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is a viral agent recently identified in the United States (US) in 2017 in Alabama. Since its identification, CLRDV has spread to every cotton-growing state east of New Mexico. Oklahoma, Kansas, and Texas comprise the westernmost border of reported CLRDV incidence, making monitoring of these states vital for proper control. Additionally, as the virus evolves, mutations that alter symptomology, such as mutations in the F-box-like motif in ORF0/P0, may occur and need to be monitored thoroughly during the growing seasons. Using High-throughput sequencing (HTS) and PCR-derived Sanger sequencing, four CLRDV genomes and 21 P0 gene isolates were sequenced from Oklahoma, Kansas, and Texas from 2019 to 2021 to determine the genetic diversity among CLRDV isolates. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete genomes revealed seven clades while ORF0 gene analyses resulted in large polytomic clusters. BEAST analyses of the 114 total P0 sequences from GenBank, downloaded before 2024, revealed a lower mean substitution rate than previously reported as well as an earlier root year (1914). In addition, using all available CLRDV genome sequences, 11 likely recombination events were determined. Examination of the P0 amino acid sequences revealed 13 mutations unique to the isolates collected in this study. Based on the phylogenetic and amino acid analyses, the CLRDV isolates from Texas (TX clade) may represent evidence for the multi-introduction event hypothesis into the US. Additionally, based on our analyses in this study, we propose the Asian CLRDV isolates should be constituted as a potentially separate strain of CLRDV.

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Monitoring the Distribution, Incidence, and Symptom Expression Associated with Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus in the Southern United States Using a Sentinel Plot System

Koebernick,

Hagan,

Zaccaron

et al. 2024

PhytoFrontiers™

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Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV), transmitted by the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), was first confirmed in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Alabama, United States, in 2017. Subsequent observations of symptomatic plants followed by confirmation via reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) were made in neighboring states in 2018. To assess the distribution and incidence of CLRDV, and incidence of presumed symptoms across the southern cotton belt, a multidisciplinary team established sentinel plot survey sites at 16 experiment stations in 11 states stretching from Texas to Virginia and Tennessee to Florida beginning in 2019. Field trials were conducted over a three-year period using multiple cotton cultivars that were adjusted annually. Cotton plots were evaluated at each location by a single evaluator to attempt to correlate symptom severity across the cotton growing region with virus incidence in cotton plant tissues using RTPCR. Symptom incidence, based on visual estimation of plants in each plot with presumed symptoms, differed across the region and ranged from 0% to 75% with a low average from all locations of 11.4% in 2021 to an average high of 28.0% in 2020. Though symptom severity suggested the presence of CLRDV, there were instances where symptoms were observed but virus presence was not confirmed by PCR. CLRDV has since been confirmed from all locations, which suggests that it has become endemic in cotton production areas throughout the eastern range of the United States.

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Seasonal Dynamics of Aphid Flights and Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus Spread in Alabama

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

The Spatiotemporal Distribution, Abundance, and Seasonal Dynamics of Cotton-Infesting Aphids in the Southern U.S.

The Spatiotemporal Distribution, Abundance, and Seasonal Dynamics of Cotton-Infesting Aphids in the Southern U.S.

Genetic Diversity of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus from the Southwestern United States and Its Implications for the Multi-Introduction Event Hypothesis and Future Evolution

Monitoring the Distribution, Incidence, and Symptom Expression Associated with Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus in the Southern United States Using a Sentinel Plot System

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