Seasonal dynamics of resource translocation between the aboveground organs and age-specific rhizome segments of Phragmites australis

Asaeda, Takashi; Manatunge, Jagath; Roberts, Jacqueline; Hai, Dinh Ngoc

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.03.006

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…b Green AGB was assumed to equal above-ground net primary production (AG NPP), although this may underestimate NPP by about 10 % (Westlake, 1982). Reported below-ground net primary production (BG NPP) to AG NPP ratios range from 0.34-2.58 (Westlake, 1982;Scarton et al, 1999;Soetaert et al, 2004;Asaeda et al, 2006). We used the estimate of 1.4 from reeds in North Jutland (Schierup, 1978;cited in Westlake, 1982) for BA Phragmites-Carex and a lower ratio (1.2) for GK Phragmites-Lemna, because below-ground biomass allocation of Phragmites australis was found to be proportionally less in deep (70 or 75 cm), compared to shallow (20 or 5 cm) water (Vretare et al, 2001).…”

Section: Carbon and Ghg-balances Of Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water level, vegetation composition, and plant productivity explain greenhouse gas fluxes in temperate cutover fens after inundation

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Peat extraction leaves a land surface with a strong relief of deep cutover areas and higher ridges. Rewetting inundates the deep parts, while less deeply extracted zones remain at or above the water level. In temperate fens the flooded areas are colonized by helophytes such as Eriophorum angustifolium, Carex spp., Typha latifolia or Phragmites australis dependent on water depth. Reeds of Typha and Phragmites are reported as large sources of methane, but data on net CO 2 uptake are contradictory for Typha and rare for Phragmites. Here, we analyze the effect of vegetation, water level and nutrient conditions on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for representative vegetation types along water level gradients at two rewetted cutover fens (mesotrophic and eutrophic) in Belarus. Greenhouse gas emissions were measured campaign-wise with manual chambers every 2 to 4 weeks for 2 years and interpolated by modelling.All sites had negligible nitrous oxide exchange rates. Most sites were carbon sinks and small GHG sources. Methane emissions generally increased with net ecosystem CO 2 uptake. Mesotrophic small sedge reeds with water table around the land surface were small GHG sources in the range of 2.3 to 4.2 t CO 2 eq. ha −1 yr −1 . Eutrophic tall sedge -Typha latifolia reeds on newly formed floating mats were substantial net GHG emitters in the range of 25.1 to 39.1 t CO 2 eq. ha −1 yr. They represent transient vegetation stages. Phragmites reeds ranged between −1.7 to 4.2 t CO 2 eq. ha −1 yr −1 with an overall mean GHG emission of 1.3 t CO 2 eq. ha −1 yr −1 . The annual CO 2 balance was best explained by vegetation biomass, which includes the role of vegetation composition and species. Methane emissions were obviously driven by biological activity of vegetation and soil organisms.Shallow flooding of cutover temperate fens is a suitable measure to arrive at low GHG emissions. Phragmites australis establishment should be promoted in deeper flooded areas and will lead to moderate, but variable GHG emissions or even occasional sinks. The risk of large GHG emissions is higher for eutrophic than mesotrophic peatlands. Nevertheless, flooding of eutrophic temperate fens still represents a safe GHG mitigation option because even the hotspot of our study, the floating tall sedge -Typha latifolia reeds, did not exceed the typical range of GHG emissions from drained fen grasslands and the spatially dominant Phragmites australis reed emitted by far less GHG than drained fens.

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Section: Carbon and Ghg-balances Of Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water level, vegetation composition, and plant productivity explain greenhouse gas fluxes in temperate cutover fens after inundation

et al. 2016

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“…At stony sites, however, the intensive growth was delayed. The early growth of rhizomes at fine sediment sites was attributed to the large photosynthesis production due to the large aboveground biomass and resulting abundant downward translocation, while, at the stony sites, the small aboveground biomass could not supply sufficient materials to grow rhizome s at the early stage (Asaeda et al, 2006a). Subsequently, the ratio of the aboveground to belowground biomasses became particularly larger in the sandy bed population than in the stony bed population in the early growing stage.…”

Section: Phenology Of Belowground Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High tolerance against disturbance is probably due to the stolonization (Tazaki and Uchida, 2005) and elongation of stems (Asaeda and Rajapakse, 2008). Few studies have showed that the re-establishment of Phragmites colonies depends on the resources stocked in the rhizome system (Graneli et al, 1992;Satake et al, 2002;Asaeda et al, 2006a). However, differently from lentic conditions, in which studies have been conducted to investigate the importance of biomass allocation in Phragmites species (Hocking, 1989;Graneli et al, 1992;Asaeda et al, 2006a), the biomass allocation of the species growing in nutrient poor substrates and frequently disturbed floodplain habitats has not been much elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Phragmites japonica on a sandbar of regulated river: morphological adaptation of the plant to low water and nutrient availability in the substrate

Asaeda

Siong

Kawashima

et al. 2008

River Research & Apps

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The construction of upstream dams regulates flood magnitudes, reduces the inundation frequency of the riparian zones and curtails the discharge of sediments to the downstream. Adaptation of a Phragmites japonica colony growing at a rarely flooded sandbar (1.4 Â 0.25 km) was investigated. Above-and belowground biomass was sampled, together with litters on the ground surface of a quadrat and soil in the rhizosphere. Five sampling locations were selected with three locations located in sandy and two in stony areas. The results showed the total biomass and the ratio of above-to belowground biomasses were larger at the sandy sites than the stony sites. However, the fraction of root biomass (i.e. root to rhizome ratio) in the belowground biomass at the stony sites was higher than that at the sandy sites. Higher aboveground and total plant biomass in the sandy areas was because the plants had better access to water and nutrients than plants growing in stony beds. A higher proportion of root biomass, at the expense of rhizome biomass, in the belowground biomass of plant growing in stony sites was due to the difficulty in accessing water and inorganic nutrients. The ratios of nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) in the plant tissues were mostly between 5 and 10, indicating that plant growth was N limited. Low ratios of total N (TN) to total P (TP) were also recorded in soil samples, where TN was 300-700 mg/kg and TP was 300-350 mg/kg. A wide phenotypic plasticity observed in P. japonica was an importance factor to maximize the plant survival and fitness in frequently disturbed habitats, and this plasticity was the result of both true adjustment and ontogenetic drift. A mitigation effort, aimed to prevent coarsening of the riverbed by supplying sand to the downstream, can actually advance the development of P. japonica colonies.

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“…The rhizome biomass of perennial plants normally increases from late summer till late autumn due to the downward translocation of the photosynthesis products and the aboveground biomass (Asaeda et al, , 2006a(Asaeda et al, , 2006b. Like most other perennial species, the belowground biomass of P. japonica increased from June to November in 2003, except at most of the lower locations.…”

Section: Effects Of Spates On Belowground Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of spates of different magnitudes on a Phragmites japonica population on a sandbar of a frequently disturbed river

Asaeda

Rajapakse

2008

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In flow-regulated rivers, natural flow patterns and related sedimentation processes are disturbed, thus interrupting the magnitude and duration of spates. We hypothesized that this in turn might alter the impact of spates on plant communities inhabiting sandbars along the river channel. In order to test this hypothesis, the effects of spates of different magnitudes and durations on spatial variation and composition of a Phragmites japonica Steud. community on a sandbar during a 2-year period were investigated. The flow variation of the river was continuously monitored, and the spates were categorized as small, medium or large, based on the magnitude (depth). Growth parameters (shoot length and shoot density), above-and belowground biomass of the plant community and the quantity of litter retained within selected quadrats, and ash-free dry weight (AFDW) of the soil were observed at seven different locations: two each at the extreme upstream, middle and extreme downstream and one location in the downstream reaches of the sandbar. Our results showed that the aboveground biomass declined due to large-scale spates; however, these spates triggered the formation of secondary shoots if sediments were accumulated as a result of the spates. Conversely, the aboveground biomass did not recover if the substrate was eroded. Accumulated litter beneath shoots was easily washed away due to spates, positively affecting shoot re-growth. The effects of spates on the P. japonica plant community depended highly on the location of the plants on the sandbar and the magnitude and duration of the spates. The different erosion-sedimentation processes, depending on the local river channel morphology and spate types, significantly affected the growth and morphological characteristics of P. japonica population.

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Seasonal dynamics of resource translocation between the aboveground organs and age-specific rhizome segments of Phragmites australis

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

Water level, vegetation composition, and plant productivity explain greenhouse gas fluxes in temperate cutover fens after inundation

Water level, vegetation composition, and plant productivity explain greenhouse gas fluxes in temperate cutover fens after inundation

Growth of Phragmites japonica on a sandbar of regulated river: morphological adaptation of the plant to low water and nutrient availability in the substrate

Effects of spates of different magnitudes on a Phragmites japonica population on a sandbar of a frequently disturbed river

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