Seasonal evolution of penitente glaciochemistry at Tapado Glacier, Northern Chile

Sinclair, Kate E.; MacDonell, Shelley

doi:10.1002/hyp.10531

Cited by 26 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…During the summertime the high-pressure cell limits advection, while during the winter it moves further north, allowing the moisture-laden depressions to reach the study site (Garreaud et al, 2011). Seasonal precipitation variability and frequency are also complicated by individual storm trajectories (e.g., Sinclair and MacDonell, 2016), which can cause large differences in relative precipitation distribution across the catchment, a phenomenon also described in central Chile (Burger et al, 2019).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 92%

“…In this study WRF was forced by 6-hourly data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data, at 1 • grid resolution (Kalnay et al, 1996), as well as daily surface temperature of the ocean at 0.083 • of resolution. The WRF model has been run using the model version 3.7.1 (Skamarock and Klemp, 2008), with default parameterizations (this choice is discussed in Sect. 5.1).…”

Section: (B) Wrf Model Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the evaluation of alternative methods for acquiring distributed meteorological information is required. Options include the use of interpolation-extrapolation strategies (e.g., MicroMet; Liston and Elder, 2006b), reanalysis (NCEP; Kalnay et al, 1996) or atmospheric model outputs (e.g., Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model; Skamarock and Klemp, 2008). For the semiarid Andes, both Mi-croMet extrapolation based on AWS data (Gascoin et al, 2013) and atmospheric models (e.g., Favier et al, 2009;Mernild et al, 2017) have been used to force snow models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of forcing on sublimation simulations for a high mountain catchment in the semiarid Andes

et al. 2020

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Abstract. In the semiarid Andes of Chile, farmers and industry in the cordillera lowlands depend on water from snowmelt, as annual rainfall is insufficient to meet their needs. Despite the importance of snow cover for water resources in this region, understanding of snow depth distribution and snow mass balance is limited. Whilst the effect of wind on snow cover pattern distribution has been assessed, the relative importance of melt versus sublimation has only been studied at the point scale over one catchment. Analyzing relative ablation rates and evaluating uncertainties are critical for understanding snow depth sensitivity to variations in climate and simulating the evolution of the snowpack over a larger area and over time. Using a distributed snowpack model (SnowModel), this study aims to simulate melt and sublimation rates over the instrumented watershed of La Laguna (513 km2, 3150–5630 m a.s.l., 30∘ S, 70∘ W), during two hydrologically contrasting years (i.e., dry vs. wet). The model is calibrated and forced with meteorological data from nine Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) located in the watershed and atmospheric simulation outputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results of simulations indicate first a large uncertainty in sublimation-to-melt ratios depending on the forcing as the WRF data have a cold bias and overestimate precipitation in this region. These input differences cause a doubling of the sublimation-to-melt ratio using WRF forcing inputs compared to AWS. Therefore, the use of WRF model output in such environments must be carefully adjusted so as to reduce errors caused by inherent bias in the model data. For both input datasets, the simulations indicate a similar sublimation fraction for both study years, but ratios of sublimation to melt vary with elevation as melt rates decrease with elevation due to decreasing temperatures. Finally results indicate that snow persistence during the spring period decreases the ratio of sublimation due to higher melt rates.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: (B) Wrf Model Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of forcing on sublimation simulations for a high mountain catchment in the semiarid Andes

et al. 2020

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“…In accordance with Crawford et al [6], the Student's t-test was used to check the difference between the two regression slopes. Furthermore, the obtained EIV meteoric water line was also compared with previously published isotope data on precipitation without amount data [28,30,36,[56][57][58][59][60], snow [43,58,59,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68], groundwater [69], and geothermal water [70] samples collected up to this point in northern Chile.…”

Section: Id # Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Meteoric Water Line of Northern Chile (18° S–30° S): An Application of Error-in-Variables Regression to the Oxygen and Hydrogen Stable Isotope Ratio of Precipitation

Boschetti

Cifuentes²,

Iacumin

et al. 2019

Water

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In this study, a revision of the previously published data on hydrogen (2H/1H) and oxygen (18O/16O) stable isotope ratio of precipitation in northern Chile is presented. Using the amount-weighted mean data and the combined standard deviation (related to both the weighted mean calculation and the spectrometric measurement), the equation of the local meteoric line calculated by error-in-variables regression is as follows: Northern Chile EIV-LMWL: δ2H = [(7.93 ± 0.15) δ18O] + [12.3 ± 2.1]. The slope is similar to that obtained by ordinary least square regression or other types of regression methods, whether weighted or not (e.g., reduced major axis or major axis) by the amount of precipitation. However, the error-in-variables regression is more accurate and suitable than ordinary least square regression (and other types of regression models) where statistical assumptions (i.e., no measurement errors in the x-axis) are violated. A generalized interval of δ2H = ±13.1‰ is also proposed to be used with the local meteoric line. This combines the confidence and prediction intervals around the regression line and appears to be a valid tool for distinguishing outliers or water samples with an isotope composition significantly different from local precipitation. The applicative examples for the Pampa del Tamarugal aquifer system, snow samples and the local geothermal waters are discussed.

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“…Concentration records of Ca, Mg, or the rare‐earth elements can be used to reconstruct historic variations of mineral dust emissions to the atmosphere (Gabrieli et al, ; Gabrielli et al, ). However, postdepositional melting induced by climate warming can significantly alter concentration records of atmospheric trace species from high‐altitude glaciers and snowpack as shown for MIs, organic pollutants, or water stable isotopes (WSIs; Eichler et al, ; Herreros et al, ; Kang et al, ; Müller‐Tautges et al, ; Pavlova et al, ; Sinclair & MacDonell, ; You et al, ). As glaciers, which have served as environmental archives to assess the natural and anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere, are progressively in danger of being affected by melting (Zhang et al, ), there is an increasing need to understand the impact of melting on the preservation of various environmental proxies in these archives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt‐Induced Fractionation of Major Ions and Trace Elements in an Alpine Snowpack

et al. 2019

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Understanding the impact of melting on the preservation of atmospheric compounds in high-Alpine snow and glacier ice is crucial for future reconstruction of past atmospheric conditions. However, detailed studies investigating melt-related changes of such proxy information are rare. Here we present a series of five snow pit profiles of 6 major ions and 34 trace elements at Weissfluhjoch, Switzerland, collected between January and June 2017. Atmospheric composition was preserved during the cold season, while melting toward the summer resulted in preferential loss of certain species from the snowpack or enrichment at the base of the snowpack. Increasing mobilization of major ions with meltwater) can be related to their stronger enrichment at ice crystal surfaces during snow metamorphism. Results for trace elements show that less abundant elements such as Ce, Eu, La, Mo, Nd, Pb, Pr, Sb, Sc, Sm, U, and W were best preserved and may still serve as tracers to reconstruct past natural and anthropogenic atmospheric emissions from melt-affected snow pit and ice core records. The obtained elution behavior matches the findings from another high-Alpine site (upper Grenzgletscher) for major ions and the large majority of investigated trace elements. Both studies indicate that water solubility and location at the microscopic scale are likely to determine the relocation behavior with meltwater and also suggest that the observed species-dependent preservation from melting snow and ice is representative for the Alpine region, reflecting Central European atmospheric aerosol composition.

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Seasonal evolution of penitente glaciochemistry at Tapado Glacier, Northern Chile

Cited by 26 publications

References 49 publications

Impact of forcing on sublimation simulations for a high mountain catchment in the semiarid Andes

Impact of forcing on sublimation simulations for a high mountain catchment in the semiarid Andes

Local Meteoric Water Line of Northern Chile (18° S–30° S): An Application of Error-in-Variables Regression to the Oxygen and Hydrogen Stable Isotope Ratio of Precipitation

Melt‐Induced Fractionation of Major Ions and Trace Elements in an Alpine Snowpack

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