Seasonal Fluctuations in Chlorophyll Content in Birch Stems with Special Reference to Bark Thickness and Light Transmission, a Comparison between Sprouts and Seedlings

The Existence of Bark and Stem Photosynthesis in Woody Plants and Its Significance for the Overall Carbon Gain. An Eco-Physiological and Ecological Approach

“…Data regarding the chloropyll contents of barks and even of wood are rather scarce but are essential when corticular photosynthesis is considered {but see Gundersen 1954;Ketshoveli 1958;Pilarski 1984;Kauppi 1991}. Some families have obviously green stems and/or sub-corticular chlorenchymes. In most Rosa and Rubus species {Rosaceae}, Genista or Ulex species {Fabaceae}, and all Salix species {Salicaceae}, chlorenchymes can even be found in older organs.…”

The Effect of Light Exposure on the Total Chlorophyll Content, Chl a/b Ratio, and Car/chl Ratio in the Barks of Fraxinus latifolia Seedlings

“…Kauppi (1991) noted that chlorophyll content of birch stems increased as early as March. Furthermore, Schaedle and Foote (1971) reported a springtime increase in chlorophyll in aspen bark.…”

Soil-Driven Timberline of Spruce (Picea abies) in Tanaelv Belt–Lapland Granulite Transition, Finland

“…by Sugimoto et al (2002). In addition, photosynthesis is possible in shoots and twigs of downy birch in their chlorenchyma in the leafless period in early spring (Kauppi 1991;Pfanz et al 2002). In late winter, soil is supplied by snowmelt water that is able to percolate through organic and Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, Vol.…”

“…The exact mechanism for the initiation of water uptake is not fully understood, yet photosynthesis is possible in the chlorophyll-containing tissues (chlorenchyma) of the twigs and branches (Pfanz et al, 2002). Particularly, shoots and twigs of downy birch possess a capacity for photosynthesis in their chlorenchyma in the leafless period in early spring and late fall (Kauppi 1991). In early spring, the twigs of downy birch transmit the photosynthetically active radiation, and notable rise in the bark temperature is concomitant with the rise in air temperature (Kauppi, 1991;Pfanz et al, 2002).…”

“…Particularly, shoots and twigs of downy birch possess a capacity for photosynthesis in their chlorenchyma in the leafless period in early spring and late fall (Kauppi 1991). In early spring, the twigs of downy birch transmit the photosynthetically active radiation, and notable rise in the bark temperature is concomitant with the rise in air temperature (Kauppi, 1991;Pfanz et al, 2002). Since soil water is available in the root zone through the snowmelt percolation (Leenders and Woo, 2002;Sutinen et al, 2008;Fig.…”