Seasonal fluctuations of CGM metrics in individuals with type 1 diabetes using an intermittently scanned CGM device or sensor augmented pump

Abstract

Objective To elucidate the fluctuations in glucose levels measured using CGM-metrics during the four distinct seasons of the year in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using an intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) device or sensor augmented pump (SAP). Research design and methods This retrospective, single-center study enrolled 93 individuals with T1DM who were equipped with an isCGM device or SAP at Kobe University Hospital. The subjects had a median age of 47.0 years [interquartile range, 37.0–62.0 years], 25 individuals (26.9%) were male, median body mass index was 22.0 kg/m2 [20.8–23.8 kg/m2], and median hemoglobin A1c level was 7.4% [6.9–8.0%]. CGM data were reviewed from January to December 2019, and the mean sensor glucose (SG) value, time above range (TAR), time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), and standard deviation (SD) of SG were calculated for each season (spring, March–May; summer, June–August; autumn, September–November; winter, December–February). Results Seasonal fluctuations were detected for mean SG, TAR, TIR, and SD, with TIR being lower and mean SG, TAR, and SD being higher in cold seasons (spring or winter) than in warm seasons (summer or autumn). Conclusion Seasonal fluctuations in CGM metrics should be taken into account in future studies performed to evaluate the favorable impact of CGM on glycemic management in individuals with T1DM.