Seasonal hydrocarbon and metal assessment of water and fish from oil producing communities along Orashi River, Nigeria

Abstract

264 mg/kg (dry season) and 0.627 ± 0.035-9.364 ± 0.786 mg/kg (wet season)) exceeded the Codex limits in all samples. Health risk indices for the species indicated potential risk to the population from the consumption of Oreochromis niloticus. However, hazard index and target carcinogenic risk values indicate that people in the communities do not face significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from cadmium and lead intake by consuming the fish species.

Carcinogenic effect of potential toxic metals in school children through contaminated drinking water around the industrial area of Pakistan

“…This is due to lower body weight of children as compared to adult this is also showed in the study of (Eslami et al, 2022;Gerwen et al, 2022;Munir et al, 2022;Nnaji, 2022;Uchenna et al, 2022) that the attentiveness of Cd is higher than the WHO and Pak-EPA limit that is 3.00E-03 and 1.00E-02 ppm, respectively. The ARI concentration of Cr is higher in children 3.80E-02 and females 3.45E-02 as compared to adult males 2.71E-02.…”

“…Samples were acidulated with HONOO to pH < 2 to diminish infectious bustle, sleet, and the sorption of PTMs to vessel wall. All samples were securely closed in glass bottles and fetched into the chemical lab of Bahria University Islamabad and kept at 4°C for further examination (Eslami et al., 2022; Farid et al., 2021; Gerwen et al., 2022; Munir et al., 2022; Nnaji, 2022; Uchenna et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2021).…”

“…Eslami et al. (2022) discussed in their study dumping of industrial waste also caused ground water pollution (Nnaji, 2022; Uchenna et al., 2022).…”

“…The ingestion water samples (n = 80) eight samples in triplicate from each point at 2 h. interval was poised in Jan 2021 in study area using GPS (Exhibit 2). Drinking water samples was taken in bore and tube (Eslami et al, 2022;Farid et al, 2021;Gerwen et al, 2022;Munir et al, 2022;Nnaji, 2022;Uchenna et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2021).…”

“…Munir et al (2022) shows in their studies that due to industrial wastewater leaching out in the ground water. Eslami et al (2022) discussed in their study dumping of industrial waste also caused ground water pollution (Nnaji, 2022;Uchenna et al, 2022).…”