Seasonal influenza A/H3N2 virus infection and IL‐1Β, IL‐10, IL‐17, and IL‐28 polymorphisms in Iranian population

Abstract

Increased blood cytokines is the main immunopathological process that were attributed to severe clinical outcomes in cases of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection. The study was aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-28 genes to find the possibility of their association with the clinical outcome of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection among the infected patients in Iran. This is a Case-Control study in which influenza A/H3N2 virus positive confirmed with real-time PCR were the cases. DNA samples from groups were genotyped for polymorphisms in rs16944 (IL-1β), rs1800872 (IL-10), rs2275913 (IL-17), and rs8099917 (IL-28). Confidence interval (95%CI) and Odds ratio (OR) were calculated. IL-17 rs2275913 (GG and AG) were associated with risk of infection with that were statistically significant (P < 0.05, OR = 2.08-2.94). IL-1β (rs16944) (GG) was associated with reduced risk of infection (P < 0.01, OR = 0.46). Genotype GG and GT of IL-10 (rs1800872) were associated with increased risk of infection with influenza A/H3N2 virus (P < 0.05, OR = 2.04-2.58). In addition, IL-28 (rs8099917) genotypes GG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.49) and TG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.59) were associated with reduced risk of ILI symptom while genotype TT (P < 0.01, OR = 4.31) was associated with increased risk of ILI symptom. The results of this study demonstrated that polymorphisms of genes involved in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory process affect the outcome of disease caused by influenza A/H3N2 virus. Thorough insight on host immune response at the time of influenza A virus infection is required to ensure adequate patient care in the case of feature outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 88:2078-2084, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Metabolic host response and therapeutic approaches to influenza infection

“…In contrast, IL-1β (rs16944) (GG) and IL-28 (rs8099917) GG and TG genotypes were associated with reduced risk of infection [132]. In another study, an association between IL-1β rs16944 and IL-17 rs2275913 genotypes and severe influenza disease was found while IL-10 rs1800872 and IL-28 rs8099917 polymorphisms were not associated with influenza disease.…”

Human Susceptibility to Influenza Infection and Severe Disease

“…Last, several SNPs have also been identified in the type III IFN (IL28) gene, with divergent effects depending on the exact polymorphism. One IL28B SNP (rs8099917-GG/TG) was associated with increased seroconversion and improved responses to IAV vaccination, whereas another (s8099917-TT) correlated with increased risk of IAV-related illness (Rogo et al 2016). Thus, defects in the ability to sense virus replication and signal for IFN transcription as well as the function of IFN can all significantly impact individual susceptibility to IAV disease.…”

Evaluation of IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐23R, VDR, CCL2, CCL5, CCR2, and CCR5 gene polymorphisms and expression in Chinese individuals with syphilis

“…5,6 T-helper type 17 (Th17) cells, a distinct subset of CD4 + T cells, can induce the expression of interleukin (IL)-23R and secrete IL-17 and other cytokines. [10][11][12][13] The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene encodes a nuclear receptor for the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ]. 7 IL-17, a novel family of proinflammatory cytokines comprising six members: IL-17A to 17F is involved in activation of T cells and maturation of macrophages and dendritic cells.…”

“…Mounting evidence shows that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of Th17-related cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-23R) was associated with the susceptibility to infectious diseases. [10][11][12][13] The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene encodes a nuclear receptor for the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ]. After binding to its response element on DNA, 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 regulates different genes with different functions.…”