Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza in 2012–2013: A hospital-based case-control study in Lithuania

Gefenaitė, Giedrė; Rahamat‐Langendoen, Janette; Ambrozaitis, Arvydas; Mickienė, Auksė; Jančorienė, Ligita; Kuliese, Monika; Vėlyvytė, Daiva; Niesters, Hubert G. M.; Stolk, Ronald P.; Z̆agminas, Kȩstutis

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.021

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Seven observed an increased VE estimate when using stricter criteria, one [24] quite dramatic (≥20 percentage points). Three studies observed a decreased VE estimate, and in all cases this was dramatic [21, 36, 73]. Applying stricter criteria reduced precision and may have exacerbated sparse data bias.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age is accepted as a confounder of VE estimates because vaccine coverage and the risk of illness caused by influenza virus infection can both vary substantially by age. Five studies did not include some kind of adjustment for age either because they used a stepwise model building approach [36, 40, 62, 92] or restricted the age group studied [72]. Age was usually specified as a categorical variable (n=67), the choices of which varied considerably, but was also used as a linear term (n=9 [12, 29, 47, 59, 80, 81, 108, 87, 88, 95]), cubic spline (n=2 [60, 97]), a matching variable (n=3 [14, 64]) and in one instance as a quadratic term [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measures of illness were sometimes complemented with frequency of hospital (n=10) or GP (n=13) visits, or a measure of functional status (n=6 [31, 51, 97, 70, 72, 91]). In one paper only one condition, obesity [36], was adjusted for and in another the data were restricted to those in a target group for vaccination with no further adjustment [44]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

Sullivan¹,

Feng²,

Cowling³

2014

Expert Review of Vaccines

163

146

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SUMMARY Background The test-negative design is a variant of the case control study being increasingly used to study influenza vaccine effectiveness. In these studies, patients with influenza-like illness are tested for influenza. Vaccine coverage is compared between those testing positive versus those testing negative to estimate vaccine effectiveness. Objectives We reviewed features in the design, analysis and reporting of 85 published test-negative studies. Data sources Studies were identified from PubMed, reference lists and email updates. Study eligibility All studies using the test-negative design reporting end-of-season estimates were included. Study appraisal Design features that may affect the validity and comparability of reported estimates were reviewed, including setting, study period, source population, case definition, exposure and outcome ascertainment and statistical model. Results There was considerable variation in the analytic approach, with 68 unique statistical models identified among the studies. Conclusion Harmonisation of analytic approaches may improve the potential for pooling vaccine effectiveness estimates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

Sullivan¹,

Feng²,

Cowling³

2014

Expert Review of Vaccines

163

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, Belongia et al estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness for all ages against influenza-associated hospitalizations for the seasons 2006–7 in the USA to be 88% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13%, 100%), whereas North American ambulatory TND studies reported adjusted VE estimates of 52% (CI 22%, 70%) 4 and 46% (CI 17%, 65%) 26 for the same season. Similarly, Gefenaite et al 22 reported for the season 2012–13 an adjusted adult influenza VE of 86% (CI 19%, 97%) from an inpatient TND study in Lithuania. A European ambulatory TND study from the same year reported a VE of 49% (95% CI 32%, 62%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The case test-negative design for studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in inpatient settings

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe test-negative design (TND) to evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness is based on patients seeking care for acute respiratory infection, with those who test positive for influenza as cases and the test-negatives serving as controls. This design has not been validated for the inpatient setting where selection bias might be different from an outpatient setting.MethodsWe derived mathematical expressions for vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations and used numerical simulations to verify theoretical results exploring expected biases under various scenarios. We explored meaningful interpretations of VE estimates from inpatient TND studies.ResultsVE estimates from inpatient TND studies capture the vaccine-mediated protection of the source population against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations. If vaccination does not modify disease severity, these estimates are equivalent to VE against influenza virus infection. If chronic cardiopulmonary individuals are enrolled because of non-infectious exacerbation, biased VE estimates (too high) will result. If chronic cardiopulmonary disease status is adjusted for accurately, the VE estimates will be unbiased. If chronic cardiopulmonary illness cannot be adequately be characterized, excluding these individuals may provide unbiased VE estimates.ConclusionsThe inpatient TND offers logistic advantages and can provide valid estimates of influenza VE. If highly vaccinated patients with respiratory exacerbation of chronic cardiopulmonary conditions are eligible for study inclusion, biased VE estimates will result unless this group is well characterized and the analysis can adequately adjust for it. Otherwise, such groups of subjects should be excluded from the analysis.

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“…4 These agencies urge elderly people to be vaccinated against influenza each year. Evidence suggests that the influenza vaccine has a moderate preventive effect among elderly people and that it significantly decreases the morbidity of influenza and pneumonia, 5 respiratory or cardiovascular complications 6 and risk of hospitalisation and death. 7e10 A Cochrane review 11 confirmed the safety of the influenza vaccine but found no convincing evidence for its effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing seasonal influenza vaccination behaviour among elderly people: a systematic review

2018

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This is the first systematic review to analyse the factors influencing influenza vaccination behaviour of elderly people using a framework integrating the HBM and the TRA. The framework identified key factors of influenza vaccination and presented the inter-relation of behaviour-related variables. However, further well-designed studies are required to explore the inter-relationships accurately and comprehensively.

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Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza in 2012–2013: A hospital-based case-control study in Lithuania

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

The case test-negative design for studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in inpatient settings

Factors influencing seasonal influenza vaccination behaviour among elderly people: a systematic review

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