Seasonal occurrence of Theileria parva infection and management practices amongst Maasai pastoralist communities in Monduli District, Northern Tanzania

Kimaro, Esther Gwae; Mor, Siobhan M.; Gwakisa, Paul; Toribio, Jenny‐Ann L.M.L.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.023

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The sampling strategy and findings have been described in detail elsewhere (Kimaro et al 2017a(Kimaro et al , 2017b. Briefly, in order to meet the objectives and sample size requirements for the study, a questionnaire was administered to 130 pastoralists across the 10 randomly selected villages between March and May 2015.…”

Section: Cattle Owners' Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change perception and impacts on cattle production in pastoral communities of northern Tanzania

2018

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This study examines pastoralists' perception on climate change and impacts on cattle production from ten study villages of Monduli District in Tanzania. This study drew empirical data from 130 cattle owners and 81 participants from focus group discussions in the study villages. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data respectively. Findings from this study indicate that pastoralists are well aware of the general climate trends in their location, its variability and the impacts of extreme weather events on cattle production. The main climate changes perceived by pastoralists include more erratic and reduced amounts of rainfall, rise in temperature and prolonged and frequent periods of drought. Pastoralists mainly view population pressure and tree cutting as the major causes of climate change. Further, this study found that there are no existing climate risk programmes and early warning systems across the district. Importantly, pastoralists reported the negative impacts of climate change on cattle production. The severe recurrent drought periods result in shortage of forage and water, leading to cattle starvation and malnutrition. Pastoralists reported massive cattle deaths and outbreaks of diseases such as contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and tick-borne diseases. Further, reduction in milk production and poor livestock market prices were also reported as negative impacts on cattle production. Given the range of negative impacts of current climate change and extreme weather events on cattle production, the implications of climate change must be taken into account to ensure longer-term survival and sustainability of pastoralist communities through strengthening of climate risk awareness programs and early warning systems across the district. Further, this study recommends that government and non-governmental organizations should improve institutional support to pastoralists in order to help them deal with the negative impacts of climate change on livestock production.

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Section: Cattle Owners' Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study calls for improvements to adaptive capacity of pastoralist communities, including effective and sustainable animal health services. These services must include animal disease surveillance, coupled with sustainable cattle disease management programs in pastoral communities (Kimaro et al 2017a). …”

Section: Impacts Of Climate Change On Cattle Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change perception and impacts on cattle production in pastoral communities of northern Tanzania

2018

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“…Hence the difference in T. parva prevalence between the two studies is likely due to different tick control regimes in the different areas. The prevalence of T. parva established in cattle in this study was higher than a 31.6% prevalence found byKimaro, Mor, Gwakisa and Toribio (2017) which was done in Monduli district in the Maasai steppe ecosystem during the dry season. These differences in prevalence may be explained by the ecological and other associated conditions which may favor ticks in different areas where cattle were sampled.…”

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confidence: 79%

“…These differences in prevalence may be explained by the ecological and other associated conditions which may favor ticks in different areas where cattle were sampled. The study done byKimaro et al (2017) sampled cattle during the dry season which is characterized with low tick intensity compared to the wet season during which the present study was conducted. The prevalence values reported in these studies point to a high possibility that most of the animals sampled were in a T. parva carrier state, which is a common phenomenon following natural infection or ITM in cattle…”

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confidence: 99%

Persistence and diversity of Theileria parva in East Coast fever vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle

Magulu¹

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Infection and Treatment Method (ITM) has been practiced in Tanzania for over 20 years now as a prevention method against East Coast Fever (ECF). However, there is less information regarding the persistence of the Theileria parva parasites after a long-time lapse after vaccination. Likewise, the implication of the potential exchange of genetic information is largely unknown as regards ECF vaccination outcomes. A total number of 336 cattle samples were collected from Loiborsoit, Emboret, Esilalei, Manyara ranch, Mswakini, Tanga Mruazi farm and Tanga Leila farm in March of 2018. Samples were then screened for Theileria parva using nested PCR and the overall prevalence of carrier state was 34.5%, with a significant higher prevalence among the vaccinated cattle group 43% (103/239) compared to the unvaccinated group 13.4% (13/97) (p<0.000). Similarly, higher prevalence emerged among the cattle grazing close to the wildlife 38.2% (107/280) compared to the ones grazing far from wildlife 16.1% (9/56) p<0.001. The carrier state persisted up to 132 months post vaccination. Minisatellite 7 (MS 7), microsatellite 2 and 5 (ms 2, ms 5) markers were used to characterize genetic diversity. Whereby parasite diversity across cattle groups was determined by the mean number of alleles, and expected heterozygosity. Manyara ranch had the highest parasite diversity with all the markers. This study concludes that vaccination against ECF and the wildlife interface has an influence on the diversity of Theileria parva parasites, as the highest number of alleles and parasite diversity were shown in the vaccinated cattle and the ones in close proximity to wildlife interface.

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“…positive than older cattle [17]; however, the cutoff age is different. However, these findings differ from those of other studies [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Theileria parva infection among calves in Narok County, Kenya

Ngetich,

Gitau,

Okumu

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: East Coast fever (ECF), caused by Theileria parva, is a devastating disease that causes significant economic losses to cattle production in sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention and control of ECF are challenging in pastoral settings due to inadequate epidemiological information. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with T. parva infection among calves in different production systems to help design appropriate control interventions. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 318 calves and tested using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay targeting antibodies against polymorphic immunodominant molecules found on the surface of T. parva. Information on calf characteristics and management practices was also collected during sampling. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze potential risk factors, such as age and acaricide application, where p < 0.05 was considered significant Results: Of the 318 calves sampled, 41 (12.89%) were positive for T. parva, with a higher proportion in pastoral systems (36.58%) than in mixed farming systems (34.10%) and agropastoral systems (29.27%). From univariate analysis, calf age (p = 0.002), body weight (p = 0.001), suckling status (p = 0.026), rectal temperature (p = 0.06), calves on pasture (p = 0.022), other feeds (p = 0.004), feed grown within the farm (p = 0.004), acaricide application (p = 0.001), and acaricide application frequency (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with seropositivity. However, calf age (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91-0.99; p = 0.04), other feeds (OR, 8.82; 95% CI, 1.74-44.63; p = 0.009), and suckling status (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15-0.99; p = 0.05) were significantly associated with T. parva infection in the multivariable mixed logistic model. Conclusion: T. parva is circulating in young calves in the study area (and possibly in cattle populations due to maternal transfer of antibodies to the calves). There is a need for molecular surveillance to determine the presence and burden of T. parva infection. Keywords: calves, risk factors, seroprevalence, Theileria parva.

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Seasonal occurrence of Theileria parva infection and management practices amongst Maasai pastoralist communities in Monduli District, Northern Tanzania

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Climate change perception and impacts on cattle production in pastoral communities of northern Tanzania

Climate change perception and impacts on cattle production in pastoral communities of northern Tanzania

Persistence and diversity of Theileria parva in East Coast fever vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Theileria parva infection among calves in Narok County, Kenya

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