Seasonal output of gastrointestinal nematode eggs and lungworm larvae in farmed wapiti and red deer of New Zealand

Chambers, A. R. M.; Candy, P.M.; Green, Peter; Sauermann, Christian W.; Leathwick, Dave M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109660

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This finding was consistent with the reduction of strongylid FECs to zero values observed in mouflon from the second day after anthelmintic treatment with Cermix medicated mixture (29). Furthermore, a previous study investigating the seasonal dynamics of strongylids at a fallow deer farm in Poland, observed a temporary decrease in both prevalence and infection intensity after percutaneous administration of ivermectin; however, a resurgence of both characteristics occurred within the following two months (24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Management practices, such as anthelmintic treatment, can disrupt the seasonal patterns of GI nematodes by suppressing egg output (24,25). While the use of anthelmintic drugs in wild ruminants is somewhat controversial (26), cloven-hoofed animals at game reserves and especially at farms are often kept in overcrowded conditions and may suffer from parasitic infections to a similar extent as ruminant livestock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics

Magdálek,

Škorpíková,

McFarland

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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A non-native nematode Ashworthius sidemi has emerged in captive fallow deer in Central and Eastern Europe over the last decade. Although this parasite has been spreading in the wild outside it’s native distributional range and colonising local European host species since the middle of the last century, limited information has been published on the seasonality of A. sidemi and its susceptibility to anthelmintics. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study to investigate seasonal dynamics of the non-native parasite in the current Central European climate conditions. We collected freshly voided faecal pellets at four-week intervals from February 2018 to February 2020 at a fallow deer reserve with a known history of A. sidemi presence. The faecal pellets obtained were pooled after each site visit (n = 25) and coprocultured to obtain the third stage larvae of trichostrongylid nematodes at monthly intervals. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the recovered larvae. Using real-time multiplex PCR, A. sidemi DNA was detected in 17 out of 25 larval samples (68% prevalence). During the monitoring period, the annual administration of ivermectin based premix (Cermix) took place in January 2018, 2019, and 2020, and additionally a mixture of rafoxanide and mebendazole (Rafendazol) was administered once in spring 2019. The probability of parasite presence was significantly influenced by the time since the drug administration (p = 0.048) and the mean temperature at the location (p = 0.013). Larval samples negative for A. sidemi were always identified shortly after the drug administration. However, rapid pasture contamination by the parasite eggs from two to three months after Cermix administration and within one month after Rafendazol administration suggest only a short-lived efficacy of both administered drugs. The abundance of A. sidemi DNA was positively affected by mean temperature (p = 0.044) and remained relatively stable throughout the monitoring period, with the highest peak in August 2018 and 2019. Pasture contamination with A. sidemi eggs occurred almost all year round, with the exception of the beginning of 2018, 2019, and 2020. These findings indicate adaptation of a non-native parasite to the current climatic conditions of the Czech Republic resulted in negligible seasonal patterns of parasite egg shedding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics

Magdálek,

Škorpíková,

McFarland

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…This in turn could indicate their susceptibility to livestock-related helminths and their likelihood of transmitting these to other farms. Seasonal trends in FECs have been recorded in wild red deer [ 86 ] and in farmed red deer [ 87 ]. Understanding how different nematode species impact FEC could further enable our understanding of the extent of infection seasonality and provide opportunities to identify extrinsic and intrinsic factors that influence helminth infection in wild hosts.…”

Section: Recent Research Advances and Future Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of wild ruminants in anthelmintic resistance in livestock

et al. 2022

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Wild ruminants are susceptible to infection from generalist helminth species, which can also infect domestic ruminants. A better understanding is required of the conditions under which wild ruminants can act as a source of helminths (including anthelmintic-resistant genotypes) for domestic ruminants, and vice versa, with the added possibility that wildlife could act as refugia for drug-susceptible genotypes and hence buffer the spread and development of resistance. Helminth infections cause significant productivity losses in domestic ruminants and a growing resistance to all classes of anthelmintic drug escalates concerns around helminth infection in the livestock industry. Previous research demonstrates that drug-resistant strains of the pathogenic nematode Haemonchus contortus can be transmitted between wild and domestic ruminants, and that gastro-intestinal nematode infections are more intense in wild ruminants within areas of high livestock density. In this article, the factors likely to influence the role of wild ruminants in helminth infections and anthelmintic resistance in livestock are considered, including host population movement across heterogeneous landscapes, and the effects of climate and environment on parasite dynamics. Methods of predicting and validating suspected drivers of helminth transmission in this context are considered based on advances in predictive modelling and molecular tools.

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A model for the development of the free-living stages of Ostertagia leptospicularis, used in conjunction with on-farm egg count data, to estimate sources of pasture contamination on New Zealand red deer (Cervus elaphus) farms

Chambers

Leathwick

Miller

et al. 2022

Veterinary Parasitology

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Seasonal output of gastrointestinal nematode eggs and lungworm larvae in farmed wapiti and red deer of New Zealand

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics

An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics

Understanding the role of wild ruminants in anthelmintic resistance in livestock

A model for the development of the free-living stages of Ostertagia leptospicularis, used in conjunction with on-farm egg count data, to estimate sources of pasture contamination on New Zealand red deer (Cervus elaphus) farms

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