Seasonal Patterns of Photosynthesis and Nutrient Storage in Eriophorum vaginatum L., an Arctic Sedge

Defoliart, Linda S.; Griffith, Michael B.; Jonasson, Sven

doi:10.2307/2389694

Cited by 40 publications

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“…The observation that very little standing dead material was found furthermore suggests that the above-ground plant parts in this field are long-lived. A similar phenomenon was observed by Defoliart et al (1988) in Eriophorum vaginatum L, where the decline in rhizome nutrient stores during spring coincided with the increase in photosynthetic potential of the shoot. A lower turnover rate (higher longevity) of aboveground biomass furthermore means that a relatively high biomass can accumulate towards the cutting date (July), even at low productivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Changes in Nitrogen Mineralization, Tissue Nutrient Concentrations and Biomass Compartmentation after Cessation of Fertilizer Application to Mown Grassland

Olff¹,

Berendse²,

Visser³

1994

The Journal of Ecology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Summary 1 Nitrogen mineralization was studied in four grasslands (fields A-D), which had not been fertilized for 2, 6, 19 and 45 years, respectively, thereby forming a chronosequence. Fertilizer application was stopped in these fields in order to restore former species-rich communities characteristic of nutrient-poor conditions. 2 The annual nitrogen mineralization rate was unexpectedly low in field A (124 kg ha-1 year-1) because of the absence of net mineralization during the winter period. This may have been due to high nitrification and subsequent denitrification rates. British Ecological SocietyWinter mineralization was observed in fields B-D where annual mineralization rates were 176, 140 and 61 kg ha-1 year1. The soil total N and C pool sizes (0-10 cm) decreased over the chronosequence (from 5110 to 2460 kg ha-' and from 71 800 to 29400 kg ha-' for N and C, respectively). The relative nitrification rate (nitrate as a fraction of total mineral N) strongly decreased during the chronosequence (88, 75, 54 and 51%, respectively). 3 The seasonal dynamics of the compartmentation of biomass and of tissue nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations were studied in order to obtain insight into some of the causes and consequences of these changes in nitrogen mineralization. Field B had a high shoot and root production, with high turnover of both fractions. Field C had a low shoot production, but a high root production with high turnover. Field D had a high shoot and rhizome biomass, but within-season turnover was probably low. The peak standing crop in field A was unexpectedly low, but was consistent with the low annual mineralization rate measured in this field. 4 Fine root turnover is assumed to be the main source of the organic material which plants add to the soil in these grasslands. The N concentration of the fine roots generally decreased over the chronosequence, suggesting a decreasing quality of the dead organic matter which the plants added to the soil. There were also clear decreases in shoot phosphorus and potassium concentration during the chronosequence. 5 The amount of regrowth immediately after cutting showed a good correspondence with the nitrogen mineralization rate over the same period, with highest regrowth and mineralization rates observed in the most recently fertilized fields. However, peak standing crop prior to cutting did not correspond to the annual nitrogen mineralization rate. It is suggested that the dominant plant species in field D had more below-ground storage and remobilization and had longer-lived tissues (especially below-ground). This enables the species dominating this field to form a high biomass, despite a very low N mineralization rate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Changes in Nitrogen Mineralization, Tissue Nutrient Concentrations and Biomass Compartmentation after Cessation of Fertilizer Application to Mown Grassland

Olff¹,

Berendse²,

Visser³

1994

The Journal of Ecology

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“…The seasonal variation in the activity of Eriophorum is a consequence of the sequential leaf development characteristic of this species (Robertson and Woolhouse 1984;Jonasson and Chapin 1985;Defoliart et al 1988). The growth of leaves formed late in the previous season continues early in the spring, and simultaneous initiation of the ®rst cohort of new leaves enables Eriophorum to develop near maximal potential for photosynthesis early in the season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth of leaves formed late in the previous season continues early in the spring, and simultaneous initiation of the ®rst cohort of new leaves enables Eriophorum to develop near maximal potential for photosynthesis early in the season. This potential is maintained throughout most of the season because new leaves with high photosynthetic capacity gradually replace the overwintered leaves with decreased capacity (Robertson and Woolhouse 1984;Defoliart et al 1988). The eective temperature sum index (ETI), which was used in the model to explain the seasonal variation in the photosynthetic capacity of Eriophorum, rapidly increased at the beginning of the season and reached its highest values in August, when also maximal P G was reached in most years (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restored cut-away peatland as a sink for atmospheric CO 2

Tuittila¹,

Komulainen²,

Vasander³

et al. 1999

Oecologia

166

149

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In a field study, we examined the relationship between vegetation, abiotic factors and the CO exchange dynamics of a cut-away peatland 20 years after production had ended. The main objective was to determine the effect of rewetting on the CO exchange dynamics, measured separately in Eriophorum vaginatum tussocks and intertussocks (almost non-vegetated surfaces) using closed-chamber techniques, one growing season before and three growing seasons after the rewetting treatment. Rewetting lowered total respiration (R ) and increased gross photosynthesis (P), which resulted in a higher incorporation of CO into the system. The seasonal CO balance for the almost continuously submerged section of the rewetted site became positive 2 years after rewetting (9.1 g CO-C m), and it was still higher in the 3rd year (64.5 g CO-C m), i.e. the system accumulated carbon. In the driest section of the rewetted site the seasonal balance increased strongly, but the balance was still negative during the 3 years following rewetting with losses from the system of 44.1, 26.1, 38.3 g CO-C m in 1995, 1996 and 1997 respectively. At the control site seasonal balance during 1995-1997 varied between ecosystem C losses of 41.8 and 95.3 in an area with high Eriophorum cover and between 52.1 and 109.9 g CO-C m with lower cover. Simulation of a cut-away peatland with dense Eriophorum vegetation (Eriophorum cover 70%) showed that if the water level (WT) is low, the seasonal CO balance of the ecosystem can reach the compensation point of no net C change (P = R) only if weather conditions are favourable, but with a high WT the seasonal CO balance would be positive even under varying weather conditions. It can be concluded that with dense Eriophorum vegetation a restored cut-away peatland acts as a functional mire and becomes a sink for atmospheric CO.

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“…Aboveground, E. vaginatum produces leaves sequentially (Jonasson and Chapin 1985), such that late-season cohorts overwinter to resume photosynthesis and growth the following spring (Defoliart et al 1988;Starr and Oberbauer 2003). Belowground, E. vaginatum maintains a simple, largely unbranched, visually distinct annual root system (Chapin et al 1979;Shaver and Cutler 1979).…”

Section: Site and Species Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming chambers stimulate early season growth of an arctic sedge: results of a minirhizotron field study

Sullivan

Welker

2004

Oecologia

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We examined the effects of passive open-top warming chambers on Eriophorum vaginatum production near Toolik Lake, Alaska, USA. During the 2002 growing season, chamber warming was consistent with the magnitude and seasonality observed in recent decades throughout northwestern North America. Leaf-growth rates were higher in late May and early June; maximum growth rates in each leaf cohort occurred earlier and peak biomass was observed 20 days earlier within the chambers. Consequently, plants within the chambers maintained more live leaf biomass during the period of highest photosynthetically active radiation. Annual leaf production within the chambers (21+/-2 mg tiller) was not significantly different than under ambient conditions (17+/-2 mg tiller) (P=0.2256) despite higher early-season growth rates. Root growth began earlier; growth rates were higher in late May and early June, and maximum growth rates occurred earlier within the chambers. Therefore, plants within the chambers maintained greater root biomass during what earlier studies have identified as a period of relatively high nutrient availability. Annual root production within the chambers (191+/-42 g m-2) was not significantly different than under ambient conditions (119+/-48 g m-2) (P=0.1979), although there was a trend toward higher production within the chambers. The tendency toward higher root production within the chambers is consistent with previous laboratory experiments and with the predictions of biomass allocation theory.

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Seasonal Patterns of Photosynthesis and Nutrient Storage in Eriophorum vaginatum L., an Arctic Sedge

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Nitrogen Mineralization, Tissue Nutrient Concentrations and Biomass Compartmentation after Cessation of Fertilizer Application to Mown Grassland

Changes in Nitrogen Mineralization, Tissue Nutrient Concentrations and Biomass Compartmentation after Cessation of Fertilizer Application to Mown Grassland

Restored cut-away peatland as a sink for atmospheric CO 2

Warming chambers stimulate early season growth of an arctic sedge: results of a minirhizotron field study

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