Seasonal prevalence of Bovine Tuberculous lesions in cattle slaughtered in Yola abattoirs

Ejeh, E. F.; Markus, I. F.; Ejeh, A. S.; Musa, Jasini Athanda; Lawan, Fatima Adamu; Ameh, J. A.; Kudi, A. C.; Cadmus, Simeon

doi:10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19125

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In developing countries like Ethiopia, the socio economic situation and low standard living area for both animals and humans are more contributing in TB transmission between human to human and human to cattle or vice versa Ejeh et al, 2013). Human infection due to M. bovis is thought to be mainly through drinking of contaminated or unpasteurized raw milk and under cooked meat (Pal et al, 2014)..…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle and its Public Health Implications in Gambella Region, Ethiopia

Alemu¹,

Mamo²,

Ameni³

et al. 2016

mmr

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A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to May 2015 in Gambella town municipal abattoir and health centers to investigate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis, isolation and molecular characterization of its causative agents, and to assess its public health implications in Gambella, Ethiopia. Postmortem examination, bacteriological culturing, RD deletion typing, and spoligotyping were used for investigation. The overall prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle was 13.2% (66/500) on the basis of detailed postmortem examination. Statistical significant difference was observed in the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among different body conditioned animals (χ2 = 39.105, P=0.000 and breeds (χ2 = 24.996, P=0.000). Molecular characterization of 11 mycobacterial isolates from human patients using RD9 deletion typing showed that all were M. tuberculosis, and further spoligotyping of the isolates revealed that SIT289, SIT134, SIT1634, SIT142 and one new strain (not found in the spoligotype databases). Of these M. tuberculosis strains identified, SIT 289 and SIT134 were found in cluster with 45.5% (5/11) cluster rate. Lineage of the human isolates indicated that 27.3% (3/11) were in Euro-American, and 9.1% (1/11) Indo-oceanic family in TB-insight database. Interestingly, one isolate from animal taken from mediastinal lymph node was confirmed to be M. tuberculosis using RD4 deletion typing and spoligotyping, in which the isolate was identified as SIT523 with Indo-oceanic lineage family. Awareness of cattle owners for bovine tuberculosis was found insufficient (22%), and the results also revealed the presence of potential risk factor for zoonotic transmission. In conclusion, isolation of M. tuberculosis in cattle, and occurrence of various strains of M. tuberculosis in the communities warrants further systematic investigation on the transmission of the disease in Gambella region of Ethiopia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle and its Public Health Implications in Gambella Region, Ethiopia

Alemu¹,

Mamo²,

Ameni³

et al. 2016

mmr

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“…In a study investigating the seasonality of bovine tuberculosis in Nigeria, the disease reached its highest level in March and June [7]. In a study of the seasonality of the disease in Tanzania, it was reported that the disease increased during the rainy periods between March and May [18].…”

Section: Discussion and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These variables are the recurrence of bovine tuberculosis disease in the same settlement areas [6] animal movements [4] and seasonality [1,7,8]. From these variables, seasonality is defined as the periodic occurrence of events at a certain time [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Seasonality of Bovine Tuberculosis Disease from the Risk Based Disease Management

Şentürk

2017

Journal of Diagnostics

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“…Pathogen spill-over can occur between unrelated species and be very harmful, such as zoonotic tuberculosis in humans caused by Mycobacterium bovis (Olea-Popelka et al, 2017). Ejeh et al observed that there were seasonal differences in zoonotic tuberculosis transmission (Ejeh et al, 2013). The impact of other temporally heterogeneous factors on the strength and direction of selection on species interactions have been explored (oxygen concentration (Dey et al, 2016), resource availability Hiltunen et al, 2012), environmental productivity (Harrison et al, 2013)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and maintenance of microbe-mediated protection under occasional pathogen infection

Kloock

Bonsall

King

2020

Preprint

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Authorship ContributionsKCK and AK conceived the project. KCK, MBB, and AK designed the project. AK performed the evolution experiment and all subsequent assays. AK and MBB performed the statistical analysis. AK and KCK wrote the manuscript, and all authors agreed on the final version. AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the King group for help and support during the performance of the evolution experiment, especially Charlotte Rafaluk-Mohr and Maria Ordovas-Montanes. AK was supported by a fellowship from the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes. KCK is grateful for a Leverhulme Trust project grant (RPG-2015-165) and ERC Starting Grant (COEVOPRO 802242). AbstractEvery host is colonized by a variety of microbes, some of which can protect their hosts from pathogen infection. As microbe-mediated protection can be costly, it is hypothesized, that these costs only pay off in the presence of a pathogen. However, pathogen presence naturally varies over time and can expand once pathogen infection spreads to a new host, as during occasional spillover from reservoir hosts. We experimentally coevolved populations of Caenorhabditis elegans worm hosts with bacteria possessing protective traits (Enterococcus faecalis), in treatments varying the infection frequency with pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus every host generation, alternating host generations, every fifth host generation or never. We additionally investigated the effect of initial pathogen presence at the formation of the defensive symbiosis. Our results show that enhanced microbe-mediated protection evolved during host-protective microbe coevolution when faced with spill-over infections by a human pathogen occurring rarely over evolutionary history. Initial pathogen presence had no effect on the evolutionary outcome of microbe-mediated protection. We also found that protection was only effective at preventing mortality during the time of pathogen infection. Overall, our results suggest that resident microbes can be a form of transgenerational immunity against occasional pathogen attack or spill-over events.

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Seasonal prevalence of Bovine Tuberculous lesions in cattle slaughtered in Yola abattoirs

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle and its Public Health Implications in Gambella Region, Ethiopia

Molecular Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle and its Public Health Implications in Gambella Region, Ethiopia

Determination of the Seasonality of Bovine Tuberculosis Disease from the Risk Based Disease Management

Evolution and maintenance of microbe-mediated protection under occasional pathogen infection

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