Seasonal profiles in growth, energy reserves, gonad development, and plasma steroids in age 1+ cultured Chinook salmon<i>(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)</i>females

Unwin, Martin; Poortenaar, C. W.; Rowe, David K.; Boustead, N. C.; Porter, Mjr

doi:10.1080/00288330.2004.9517215

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Light is an important and variable factor in both natural and farmed ponds [27]. S. paramamosain living in water is easily impacted by light intensity and the impacts of different light intensities on aquatic crustaceans have received some attention in recent years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of Genes and Pathways Associated With Metabolism in Scylla Paramamosain Under Different Light Intensities During Indoor Overwintering

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Scylla paramamosain is one of the commercially crucial marine crustaceans belonging to the genus Scylla, which is commonly distributed along the coasts of China, Vietnam, and Japan. Genomic and transcriptomic data are scarce for the mud crab. Light intensity is one of the ecological factors that affect S. paramamosain during indoor overwintering. Methods: To understand the energy metabolism mechanism adapted to light intensity, we analyzed the transcriptome of S. paramamosain hepatopancreas in response to different light intensities (0, 1.43, 40.31 μmol·m-2·s-1). Results: A total of 5052 differentially expressed genes were identified in the LL group (3104 genes were up-regulated and 1948 genes were down-regulated). A total of 7403 differentially expressed genes were identified in the HL group (5262 genes were up-regulated and 2141 genes were down-regulated). Conclusion: The results showed that S. paramamosain adapts to different light intensity environments through the regulation of amino acids, fatty acids, carbon and energy metabolism. Different light intensities had a strong impact on the energy generation of S. paramamosain by influencing oxygen consumption rate, aerobic respiration, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and fatty acid degradation. The results of the current study showed that S. paramamosain produced more energy under high light intensities. The findings of the study add to the knowledge of regulatory mechanisms related to S. paramamosain metabolism under different light intensities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of Genes and Pathways Associated With Metabolism in Scylla Paramamosain Under Different Light Intensities During Indoor Overwintering

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Like other Pacific salmonids, Chinook salmon are semelparous and only spawn once in their lifetime 20 , an event which is preceded by sexual maturation and significant physiological changes. In females, these changes are primarily modulated by the hormone 17β-estradiol 61 and can include a period of rapid "pubertal" somatic growth 20,62 and increases in muscle fibre power to prepare for spawning migration, followed by cessation of feeding, increases in circulating levels of the stress hormone cortisol 63 , and muscle atrophy 64,65 as somatic resources are sacrificed to gonad development and vitellogenesis 66 . Reductions in vertebral mineral content due to mobilization of minerals during feeding cessation have also been documented 67,68 .…”

Section: Scientificmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reductions in vertebral mineral content due to mobilization of minerals during feeding cessation have also been documented 67,68 . While sexual maturation in farmed New Zealand Chinook salmon is largely suppressed through rearing of exclusively monosex (all-female) populations and photoperiod manipulation after summer solstice, maturation rates of up to 20% in commercial stocks are still reported 61 . Moreover, since the development of secondary sexual characteristics does not generally occur until the later stages of maturation, individuals that appear morphologically immature may in fact be undergoing other associated physiological changes 20 .…”

Section: Scientificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic characterisation of spinal curvature development in farmed New Zealand Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha throughout seawater production

Lovett

Firth

Tuck

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Spinal anomalies are a recognised source of downgrading in finfish aquaculture, but identifying their cause(s) is difficult and often requires extensive knowledge of the underlying pathology. Late-onset spinal curvatures (lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis) can affect up to 40% of farmed New Zealand Chinook (king) salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at harvest, but little is known about their pathogenesis. Curvature development was radiographically documented in two related cohorts of commercially-farmed Chinook salmon throughout seawater production to determine (1) the timing of radiographic onset and relationships between (2) the curvature types, (3) the spinal regions in which they develop and (4) their associations with co-existing vertebral body anomalies (vertebral compression, fusion and vertical shift). Onset of curvature varied between individuals, but initially occurred eight months post-seawater transfer. There were strong associations between the three curvature types and the four recognised spinal regions: lordosis was predominantly observed in regions (R)1 and R3, kyphosis in R2 and R4, manifesting as a distinct pattern of alternating lordosis and kyphosis from head to tail. This was subsequently accompanied by scoliosis, which primarily manifested in spinal regions R2 and R3, where most of the anaerobic musculature is concentrated. Co-existing vertebral body anomalies, of which vertebral compression and vertical shift were most common, appeared to arise either independent of curvature development or as secondary effects. Our results suggest that spinal curvature in farmed New Zealand Chinook salmon constitutes a late-onset, rapidly-developing lordosis–kyphosis–scoliosis (LKS) curvature complex with a possible neuromuscular origin.

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“…Direct comparisons of GI provide an intuitively simple way to contrast reproductive output between populations and treatments, but are potentially confounded by non-isometric growth across the full body weight range of interest (Packard and Boardman, 1999). In such cases, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) provides a more robust way to compare indices (such as GI) based on ratios, particularly in the presence of extensive variation in body size (Packard and Boardman, 1999; see also Unwin et al, 2004). However, attempts to analyse the data within a single ANCOVA model failed, because of significant second and third order interactions between the covariate (W) and one or more of population, temperature regime, and season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Environmental Factors and Husbandry Techniques on Roe Enhancement of the New Zealand Sea Urchin, Evechinus chloroticus

James¹

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<p>The roe of sea urchins (Echinodermata: echinoidea) is a prized seafood in a number of countries around the world, including New Zealand. Increasing fishing pressure on world sea urchin stocks has failed to meet demand. This has led to increasing worldwide interest in roe enhancement of sea urchins. In New Zealand kina (Evechinus chloroticus) have also been heavily fished. However, there are large numbers of poor quality (low gonad index or GI) kina found in kina barrens which are uneconomic to harvest due to low returns. The primary aim of this research was to identify the key holding and environmental conditions for roe enhancement of E. chloroticus to assist in the development of a roe enhancement industry for E. chloroticus to utilise this resource. A series of experiments testing the optimal holding conditions for E. chloroticus in both land- and sea-based holding systems showed that culture depth (3 and 6 m) and removal of the urchins from the water three times per week had no significant effect on gonad growth or urchin mortality. However, exposing E. chloroticus to increased water movement resulted in significantly greater gonad growth in 12 weeks. Increasing water movement is believed to increase the available dissolved oxygen and facilitate the removal of metabolites from around the urchins. Gonad development was not negatively impacted at the maximum stock density tested (6 kg urchin m-2 of internal surface area) and this density is recommended. There are significantly lower running and maintenance costs when E. chloroticus are enhanced in sea-based compared to land-based systems but a full economic analysis is required to assess which is likely to be the more economical option for future roe enhancement. A period of 9 to 12 weeks appears to be the optimal period for roe enhancement in terms of the maximum increase in GI in the shortest time period. Repeated experiments over a 12 month period showed that food availability was the primary driver of roe enhancement (i.e. increase in gonad size) in E. chloroticus. This is followed by seawater temperature, which drives much of the seasonal variation in the gonad size that is observed in wild urchins. This is likely to be due to increased food consumption at higher temperatures. The reproductive stage of E. chloroticus had very little effect on the increase in gonad size of enhanced urchins other than in autumn when gonad growth was slightly lower than in all other seasons. Optimal gonad growth in this study was obtained at 18oC, which was the highest temperature tested. Higher temperatures also resulted in an increase in the rate of progress of the gametogenic cycle of E. chloroticus whilst lower temperatures tended to slow the rate of progress. The effects of temperature on gonad growth (i.e. increased growth at higher temperatures) were consistent across seasons. Photoperiod had minimal effect on gonad growth and the reproductive stage of the urchins over periods of 12 weeks. Photoperiod may still affect gametogenesis of E. chloroticus over longer periods. Low GI kina appear to be capable of significantly larger increases in GI in 10-week periods than high GI kina, as a result of their higher tolerance to stress. This thesis has contributed to improving the technical and economic feasibility of roe enhancement of kina (E. chloroticus) in New Zealand.</p>

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Seasonal profiles in growth, energy reserves, gonad development, and plasma steroids in age 1+ cultured Chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)females

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Transcriptome Analysis of Genes and Pathways Associated With Metabolism in Scylla Paramamosain Under Different Light Intensities During Indoor Overwintering

Transcriptome Analysis of Genes and Pathways Associated With Metabolism in Scylla Paramamosain Under Different Light Intensities During Indoor Overwintering

Radiographic characterisation of spinal curvature development in farmed New Zealand Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha throughout seawater production

The Effects of Environmental Factors and Husbandry Techniques on Roe Enhancement of the New Zealand Sea Urchin, Evechinus chloroticus

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