Seasonal Rainfall Variability in Ethiopia and Its Long-Term Link to Global Sea Surface Temperatures

Alhamshry, Asmaa; Fenta, Ayele Almaw; Yasuda, Hiroshi; Kimura, Reiji; Shimizu, Katsuyuki

doi:10.3390/w12010055

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It is the short rainy season in the area. Whereas, Bega (the dry-spell) is characterized by sunny, dry and cold weather condition with occasional falls prevailed over much of the country [ 5 , 14 ]. As the present study area lies at the southern portions of Ethiopia, it benefited from a bimodal rainfall season with long periods during Belg and short rains from September to October [ 5 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past eight-year malaria data in Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia: trend, reporting-quality, spatiotemporal distribution, and association with socio-demographic and meteorological variables

et al. 2021

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Background Informed decision making is underlined by all tiers in the health system. Poor data record system coupled with under- (over)-reporting of malaria cases affects the country’s malaria elimination activities. Thus, malaria data at health facilities and health offices are important particularly to monitor and evaluate the elimination progresses. This study was intended to assess overall reported malaria cases, reporting quality, spatiotemporal trends and factors associated in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia. Methods Past 8 years retrospective data stored in 17 health centers and 5 district health offices in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia were extracted. Malaria cases data at each health center with sociodemographic information, between January 2012 and December 2019, were included. Meteorological data were obtained from the national meteorology agency of Ethiopia. The data were analyzed using Stata 13. Results A total of 485,414 suspected cases were examined for malaria during the previous 8 years at health centers. Of these suspects, 57,228 (11.79%) were confirmed malaria cases with an overall decline during the 8-year period. We noted that 3758 suspected cases and 467 confirmed malaria cases were not captured at the health offices. Based on the health centers records, the proportions of Plasmodium falciparum (49.74%) and P. vivax (47.59%) infection were nearly equivalent (p = 0.795). The former was higher at low altitudes while the latter was higher at higher altitudes. The over 15 years of age group accounted for 11.47% of confirmed malaria cases (p < 0.001). There was high spatiotemporal variation: the highest case record was during Belg (12.52%) and in Dilla town (18,150, 13.17%, p < 0.001) which is located at low altitude. Monthly rainfall and minimum temperature exhibited strong associations with confirmed malaria cases. Conclusion A notable overall decline in malaria cases was observed during the eight-year period. Both P. falciparum and P. vivax were found at equivalent endemicity level; hence control measures should continue targeting both species. The noticed under reporting, the high malaria burden in urban settings, low altitudes and Belg season need spatiotemporal consideration by the elimination program.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past eight-year malaria data in Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia: trend, reporting-quality, spatiotemporal distribution, and association with socio-demographic and meteorological variables

et al. 2021

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“…Autumn (March-June) is the long rainy season while spring (September-November) is short and erratic rainfall period. Winter (December-February) is the driest season of the year and spring (June-August) is moderately dried period between the long rainy season (autumn) and the short rainy season (spring) in east Guji zone (Abate, 2016;Alhamshry et al, 2019;NMA, 2015).…”

Section: Milk Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of weather conditions on body temperature, milk composition and yields of the free-ranging dromedary camels in Southeastern rangelands of Ethiopia

Habte

Eshetu

Maryo

et al. 2021

Cogent Food & Agriculture

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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress and seasons on diurnal body temperature, milk yield, and physicochemical properties of dromedary camel in southeastern rangelands Ethiopia. Twenty lactating camels with 2-3 months postmortem and 3-4 parities were selected for evaluation of milk yield, physicochemical properties, and body temperature measurements. The current finding shows diurnal body temperature was significantly higher in hot weather conditions (dry season). Temperature-humidity index (THImax) showed a strong positive correlation to rectal body temperatures (r = 0.72) and daily milk yield (r = 0.6) of a camel. The mean daily milk yield observed in this study was 6.02, 4.99, 2.38, and 2.57 Liters (L) during autumn, spring, summer, and winter, respectively, and showed higher (P < 0.001) milk yield in rainy season. Mean percentage of protein (3.1%), casein (1.9%), lactose (4.9%), solid-not-fat (SNF) (8.53%), and total solids (TS) (12.7%) was greater (P < 0.001) in wet season. Milk fat and energy-Matiwos Habte ABOUT THE AUTHOR Matiwos Habte is an academic staff of Dilla University. He is a PhD candidate of Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation in the Africa Center of Excellence for Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation at Haramaya University. He has several publications on livestock production. Dr Mitiku Eshetu is an academic staff of the Haramaya University. He has demonstrated high expertise and interest in dairy science with a bias for camel production. Dr Abiyot Legesse is an academic staff of Dilla University. He has demonstrated high interest in climate and land use/land cover change-related impacts on food security. Dr Dereje Andualem is an academic staff of Dilla University. He has demonstrated his expertise in the impacts of microclimatic condition on livestock production for food security. Dr Melesse Maryo is a National Director of the Ethiopian biodiversity institute. He has demonstrated a high interest in biodiversity conservation and climate-smart agriculture and food security.

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“…Precipitation variability is highly determined by global sea-surface temperature (SST) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The SST is among the major drivers of precipitation variability (Dittus et al, 2018), particularly for the Ethiopian precipitation (Alhamshry et al, 2020). Besides, the ENSO is the other most important determinant of precipitation variability, particularly in the precipitation pattern of Ethiopia (Kasie et al, 2019& Tefera et al, 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation Variability and its Teleconnection with the Global SST and ENSO Indices in the Food Insecure Rural Areas of Tigray

Gebre

Abreha

Zenebe

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The impact of precipitation variability on food production is very significant. For food insecure rural areas, understanding the nature of precipitation variability and its teleconnection has paramount importance in guiding regional and local level decisions. In this study, we analyzed the monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation variability and the strength of its teleconnection with the global sea-surface temperature (SST) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices in the food insecure rural areas of Tigray region, Ethiopia. The precipitation, SST, and ENSO indices data for the study were used from 1979 to 2019. A Summary of descriptive statistics and Mann Kendall test methods were applied to detect existence of trends; and Sen’s Slope and coefficient of variation are used to analyze the magnitude of the trend, and degree of variation in the trend of precipitation. Further, Pearson’s correlation is used to determine the effect of ENSO, and SST variations on the precipitation using the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). The results revealed that the precipitation over the study areas is characterized by a distinctive bi-modal pattern with limited rains in March – May preceding the main rainy season June – September. The limited amount of precipitation, exacerbated by higher degree of variability, makes the food production in the study areas more uncertain. Besides, there was a very significant decline in the trend of March – May average precipitation and a significant decline in the trend of the annual average precipitation of Hintalo area. The SSTs of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, and northeast and northwest equatorial Atlantic Ocean was strongly correlated with April’s average precipitation of the study areas. Further, the SST of south, west and southwest of equatorial Indian Ocean, and west equatorial Pacific Ocean were associated with July – September average precipitation with greater variation in strength among of the study areas. Moreover, July’s average precipitation of all the study areas, April’s average precipitation of Atsbi and Eirop, and May’s precipitation of Hintalo are found significantly associated with the ENSO indices of JFM, FMA, MJJ and MAM. Therefore, the task of achieving food security in the study areas should incorporate the design of informed food production strategies that can adapt the limited and variable precipitation based on these SST and ENSO indices.

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Seasonal Rainfall Variability in Ethiopia and Its Long-Term Link to Global Sea Surface Temperatures

Cited by 50 publications

References 64 publications

Past eight-year malaria data in Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia: trend, reporting-quality, spatiotemporal distribution, and association with socio-demographic and meteorological variables

Past eight-year malaria data in Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia: trend, reporting-quality, spatiotemporal distribution, and association with socio-demographic and meteorological variables

The influence of weather conditions on body temperature, milk composition and yields of the free-ranging dromedary camels in Southeastern rangelands of Ethiopia

Precipitation Variability and its Teleconnection with the Global SST and ENSO Indices in the Food Insecure Rural Areas of Tigray

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