Seasonal relationships among indicator bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, and hydrological indices for surface waters within an agricultural landscape

Wilkes, Graham; Edge, Thomas A.; Gannon, Victor P. J.; Jokinen, Cassandra C.; Lyautey, Émilie; Medeiros, Diane; Neumann, Norman F.; Ruecker, Norma J.; Topp, Edward; Lapen, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.01.033

Cited by 290 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…But FIOs are not themselves a significant health hazard; rather they suggest the potential presence of pathogenic micro-organisms (whether bacterial, protozoan or viral). Debates consequently prevail on the validity of some FIOs as surrogates for bacterial, protozoan and viral pathogens [24], but many regulatory bodies across the world currently use these indicators to monitor microbial water quality.…”

Section: Uncertainties Of Anticipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in the governance of animal disease: an interdisciplinary framework for analysis

Fish

Austin

Christley

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Uncertainty is an inherent feature of strategies to contain animal disease. In this paper, an interdisciplinary framework for representing strategies of containment, and analysing how uncertainties are embedded and propagated through them, is developed and illustrated. Analysis centres on persistent, periodic and emerging disease threats, with a particular focus on cryptosporidiosis, foot and mouth disease and avian influenza. Uncertainty is shown to be produced at strategic, tactical and operational levels of containment, and across the different arenas of disease prevention, anticipation and alleviation. The paper argues for more critically reflexive assessments of uncertainty in containment policy and practice. An interdisciplinary approach has an important contribution to make, but is absent from current real-world containment policy.

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Section: Uncertainties Of Anticipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in the governance of animal disease: an interdisciplinary framework for analysis

Fish

Austin

Christley

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Sample sites and surface water sampling Surface water sampling sites were located within four watersheds widely dispersed across Canada: the Bras d'Henri watershed in Que´bec (BDH;van Bochove et al, 2005), the South Nation River watershed in Ontario (SN; Wilkes et al, 2009), the Oldman River watershed in Alberta (OLD; Johnson et al, 2003), and the Sumas River watershed in British Columbia (SU; Smith et al, 2007). Water was sampled from 46 discrete locations (5, 23, 12, and 5 sampling sites in BDH, SN, OLD, and SU, respectively).Water samples (N total = 232; 19, 130, 63, and 20 samples from BDH, SN, OLD, and SU, respectively) were collected between May 28 and August 13, 2007 (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water samples were enumerated for E. coli (T0 EC ) by membrane filtration as described in Wilkes et al (2009). Briefly, 10-to 100-mL portions of water were filtered through sterile, 0.45-mm pore-size, 47-mm-diameter cellulose acetate filters (Pall Gelman GN-6; VWR International, Mississauga, ON, Canada), and the filters were plated onto mFC basal medium (Difco, Fisher Scientific, Ottawa, ON, Canada) supplemented with 100 mg.L x1 of 3-bromo-4-chloro-5-indolyl-b-D-glucopyranoside (BCIG) (hexylammonium salt; Inverness Medical, Ottawa, ON, Canada) and then incubated overnight at 44.5 xC.…”

Section: Escherichia Coli Enumeration and Death Rate Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We enumerated by membrane filtration plate count E. coli populations in 232 water samples collected from the water column of rivers and streams within four river basins geographically dispersed within agriculturally dominated regions in Canada (Johnson et al, 2003;van Bochove et al, 2005;Smith et al, 2007;Wilkes et al, 2009). From these sampled waters, we defined a bulk indicator of E. coli persistence by determining the rate of change in these populations during a 24-h incubation under controlled laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation of an indicator ofEscherichia colipersistence from surface waters of mixed-use watersheds, and relationship with environmental factors

Lyautey

Wilkes

Miller

et al. 2010

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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-Escherichia coli is an indicator of fecal pollution used to mandate recreational and drinking water quality. Concentrations of culturable E. coli following contamination of surface water are determined by three factors: dilution; cell attachment to particulate material and settling or resuspension in the water column; and the net rate of change in viability. This study evaluated the variability in the latter parameter, and how predictive variation in death rate was of culturable population densities at the time of sampling. Water samples (N = 232) with varying levels of E. coli contamination were collected from 46 discrete locations in four watersheds across Canada over a three-month period and enumerated for culturable E. coli by membrane filtration plate counting (T0 EC ). Water samples were again enumerated following a laboratory 24 h holding period at 30 xC in the dark, and the difference considered the death rate (D EC ). Relationships of T0 EC and D EC with environmental and water chemistry factors were explored using step-wise multiple regression. The model predicting T0 EC indicated that stream order, total rainfall seven days in advance of sampling day, total phosphorus, and D EC were the most significant contributors. The model predicting D EC indicated that turbidity and NH 3 + NH 4 were the most important contributors. A model suggests that the persistence factor is less important than dilution (i.e. stream order) in describing E. coli densities, followed by factors that influence the loading of E. coli into watersheds.

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“…In eastern Ontario, Canada, the South Nation River basin (SNRB) is a predominantly flat, mixed-use system with tiledrained cash and livestock cropping practices dominating land uses (Wilkes et al, 2009). Nitrate levels are usually below the provincial water quality objective of 10 mg L -1…”

Section: Using Annagnps To Predict the Effects Of Tile Drainage Contrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using AnnAGNPS to Predict the Effects of Tile Drainage Control on Nutrient and Sediment Loads for a River Basin

et al. 2015

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Controlled tile drainage (CTD) can reduce pollutant loading. The Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source model (AnnAGNPS version 5.2) was used to examine changes in growing season discharge, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus loads due to CTD for a ~3900-km 2 agriculturally dominated river basin in Ontario, Canada. Two tile drain depth scenarios were examined in detail to mimic tile drainage control for flat cropland: 600 mm depth (CTD 600 ) and 200 mm (CTD 200 ) depth below surface. Summed for five growing seasons (CTD 600 ), direct runoff, total N, and dissolved N were reduced by 6.6, 3.5, and 13.7%, respectively. However, five seasons of summed total P, dissolved P, and total suspended solid loads increased as a result of CTD 600 by 0.96, 1.6, and 0.23%. The AnnAGNPS results were compared with mass fluxes observed from paired experimental watersheds (250, 470 ha) in the river basin. The "test" experimental watershed was dominated by CTD and the "reference" watershed by free drainage. Notwithstanding environmental/land use differences between the watersheds and basin, comparisons of seasonal observed and predicted discharge reductions were comparable in 100% of respective cases. Nutrient load comparisons were more consistent for dissolved, relative to particulate water quality endpoints. For one season under corn crop production, AnnAGNPS predicted a 55% decrease (CTD 600 ) in dissolved N from the basin. AnnAGNPS v. 5.2 treats P transport from a surface pool perspective, which is appropriate for many systems. However, for assessment of tile drainage management practices for relatively flat tile-dominated systems, AnnAGNPS may benefit from consideration of P and particulate transport in the subsurface.

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Seasonal relationships among indicator bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, and hydrological indices for surface waters within an agricultural landscape

Cited by 290 publications

References 59 publications

Uncertainties in the governance of animal disease: an interdisciplinary framework for analysis

Uncertainties in the governance of animal disease: an interdisciplinary framework for analysis

Variation of an indicator ofEscherichia colipersistence from surface waters of mixed-use watersheds, and relationship with environmental factors

Using AnnAGNPS to Predict the Effects of Tile Drainage Control on Nutrient and Sediment Loads for a River Basin

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