Seasonal Rhythms and Exercise

Atkinson, Greg; Drust, Barry

doi:10.1016/j.csm.2004.11.001

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…But certain cultural habits and some culture-associated lifestyle factors, such as exercise, probably change more slowly. Furthermore, after migration to Sweden, a country with a colder climate than that around the Mediterranean Sea [20], it is possible that one might become more inactive and therefore run the risk of overweight and diseases related to an increasing BMI. There is also a risk of a change in dietary habits going from a diet based on fruits and vegetables to one based on meat and milk products because of a relatively advantageously price level of meat and milk products in Sweden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trend of Cardiovascular Disease in Immigrants in Sweden

et al. 2005

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Little is known as to whether the declining trend in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Western countries has reached the immigrant populations. Incidence rates of CVD and CHD between 1991-1993 and 1997-1999 were compared by analysing the relative risk (RR) using the Poisson regression model and the data from 1991-1993 within each group as a reference. The whole Swedish population aged 35-74 years was included and we focused on 12 different immigrant groups. The morbidity from CHD in men from Sweden, Finland and countries in the OECD decreased slightly in an age-adjusted model (RR: 0.91, 0.93, and 0.88, respectively) during the 1990s. The opposite results were observed in women from Southern Europe, Turkey and Iran, in whom CHD morbidity increased (RR: 1.35, 1.54 and 1.40, respectively). The declining trend in CVD and CHD is continuing among men from Sweden, Finland and the OECD countries, but it is unchanged for women from these countries and all other groups studied, and even with increases in some female groups. This might be a sign of a breaking trend in these diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trend of Cardiovascular Disease in Immigrants in Sweden

et al. 2005

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“…Among previous reviewers of this topic, Reilly and Peiser (2006) and Atkinson and Drust (2005) wrote from the perspective of sports physiologists with an interest in circadian rhythms. Tucker and Gilliland (2007) surveyed epidemiological studies; seasonal changes of physical activity were noted in 27 of the 37 articles reviewed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in physical activity and implications for human health

2009

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This review explores the implications of seasonal changes in physical activity for fitness and human health. Photosensitivity and nutrient shortages mediate animal hibernation via the hypothalamus and changes in leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Opportunities for hunting and crop cultivation determine seasonal activity in under-developed human societies, but in developed societies temperature and rainfall are dominant influences, usually over-riding innate rhythms. Both questionnaire data and objective measurements show that many groups from children to the elderly increase their physical activity from winter to spring or summer. Measurements of maximal oxygen intake and muscle strength commonly show parallel seasonal changes. However, potential effects upon body mass and body fat may be counteracted by changes of food intake; subsistence agriculturists sometimes maintain or increase physical activity at the expense of a decrease in body mass. In developed societies, body fat commonly increases during the winter, with parallel changes in blood lipids, blood pressure and blood coagulability; moreover, these changes are not always fully reversed the following summer. Most developed societies show increased all-cause and cardiac mortalities in the winter. Health consequences of seasonal variations in physical activity including an increased vulnerability to cardiac catastrophe and a year-by-year increase in total body fat seem most likely if the average level of physical activity for the year is low. Public health recommendations should underline the importance of maintaining physical activity during adverse environmental conditions by adapting clothing, modifying behaviour and exploiting any available air-conditioned indoor facilities.

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“…Erikssen and Rodahl, in a study in 1,835 healthy Norwegians, showed that exercise HR with equivalent workloads was lower in the summer than in the winter [33]. Atkinson and Drust, in a review of seasonal variation in exercise, also found lower cardiovascular response to exercise in late spring and summer [32]. In previous studies carried out at 70° North we have found that there are seasonal variations in postexercise HR, with HR returning more quickly to baseline values in late spring than in autumn [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In fact, other authors have found seasonal variations in HR response to exercise [32,33]. Erikssen and Rodahl, in a study in 1,835 healthy Norwegians, showed that exercise HR with equivalent workloads was lower in the summer than in the winter [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Most of the response to exercise in terms of physiological function, performance and HR is subject to circadian and seasonal variation [22,32,33]. When evaluating the effects of physical activity on the circadian structure, the evaluation of the exercise workout is a necessary and preliminary step in order to have a better understanding and a correct interpretation of the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morning or evening exercise: effects on the heart rate circadian rhythm above the Arctic Circle

Calogiuri

Weydahl²,

Beldo³

et al. 2010

Sport Sci Health

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The potency of exercise as a nonphotic time cue compared to the solar cycle in influencing entrainment (organism synchronization within the 24-h period) has yet to be defined. Above the Arctic Circle during winter the sun remains below the horizon for several weeks and during summer remains above the horizon for several weeks. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects related to exercising time on the circadian structure under conditions of lack of daylight and continuous daylight. The experiments were carried out at 70° North, above the Arctic Circle. Ten healthy females (age 24±5 years) were divided into two groups: an exercise and a control group. The subjects in the exercise group performed the same exercise routine at two different times of day (0900 and 1800 hours) both in January (twilight period) and in May (continuous daylight period). Continuous heart rate data were collected and analysed by the cosinor method. The acrophase values were significantly modified in the exercise group during evening exercise in January showing a delay compared with morning exercise and compared with the control group (3 h and 1.5 h, respectively), while in May this effect was not seen. The results indicate that in continuous daylight, the potency of exercise in modulating the circadian phase seems to be suppressed. However, these findings need to be verified in a larger poulation.

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Seasonal Rhythms and Exercise

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

The Trend of Cardiovascular Disease in Immigrants in Sweden

The Trend of Cardiovascular Disease in Immigrants in Sweden

Seasonal variations in physical activity and implications for human health

Morning or evening exercise: effects on the heart rate circadian rhythm above the Arctic Circle

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