Seasonal-scale Transport Patterns in a Multi-inlet Coastal Lagoon

Smith, Ned P.

doi:10.1006/ecss.2000.0717

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Remote forcing dominates subtidal water level fluctuations and (often) flushing of back‐barrier bays [ Wong , ; Wong , ; Smith , ; Chant , ; Defne and Ganju , ], while local processes control transport and distribution of waterborne material [ Wong and Moses‐Hall , ], in particular sediments. The contribution of locally generated waves accounted for 70–80% of the total bed shear‐stress on average in Chincoteague Bay during Sandy (Figures d and 7) and during winter storms [ Ganju et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical response of a back‐barrier estuary to a post‐tropical cyclone

et al. 2017

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This paper presents a modeling investigation of the hydrodynamic and sediment transport response of Chincoteague Bay (VA/MD, USA) to Hurricane Sandy using the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment‐Transport (COAWST) modeling system. Several simulation scenarios with different combinations of remote and local forces were conducted to identify the dominant physical processes. While 80% of the water level increase in the bay was due to coastal sea level at the peak of the storm, a rich spatial and temporal variability in water surface slope was induced by local winds and waves. Local wind increased vertical mixing, horizontal exchanges, and flushing through the inlets. Remote waves (swell) enhanced southward flow through wave setup gradients between the inlets, and increased locally generated wave heights. Locally generated waves had a negligible effect on water level but reduced the residual flow up to 70% due to enhanced apparent roughness and breaking‐induced forces. Locally generated waves dominated bed shear stress and sediment resuspension in the bay. Sediment transport patterns mirrored the interior coastline shape and generated deposition on inundated areas. The bay served as a source of fine sediment to the inner shelf, and the ocean‐facing barrier island accumulated sand from landward‐directed overwash. Despite the intensity of the storm forcing, the bathymetric changes in the bay were on the order of centimeters. This work demonstrates the spectrum of responses to storm forcing, and highlights the importance of local and remote processes on back‐barrier estuarine function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical response of a back‐barrier estuary to a post‐tropical cyclone

et al. 2017

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“…The flow structure that was inflow over the shoals and outflow in the deep channel prior to the Hurricane Floyd became a complete outflow throughout the bay entrance owing to the effect of wind and freshwater discharge. Smith [2001] studied seasonal-scale variations in transport patterns owing to changes in sea level gradient and freshwater discharge. Smith found that a flood dominated tidal inlet might become ebb dominated owing to the secondary forcing functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tropical cyclones on residual circulation and momentum balance in a subtropical estuary and inlet: Observation and simulation

Tutak

Sheng

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] A three-dimensional (3-D) hydrodynamic model, Curvilinear-Grid Hydrodynamics in 3-D (CH3D), and observation data are used to investigate the effects of Tropical Storms Fay and Hanna in 2008 on the spatial structure of residual circulation and momentum balance inside the subtropical estuarine system of the Northern Coastal Basin and St. Augustine Inlet. During a typical tidal cycle, four residual eddies are formed: two strong eddies inside of the inlet and two weaker eddies outside of the inlet. During Tropical Storms Fay and Hanna the alongshore component of the northeasterly winds disrupted the ocean-side eddies first and forced the alongshore southeasterly current. Owing to not-so-strong local winds, residual flow at the mouth of the inlet never became complete inflow. However, following Tropical Storm Fay's landfall, flow inside the inlet became complete outflow owing to relaxing wind and the remote wind effect created by the alongshore component of the southeasterly wind. The residual circulation returned to its prestorm condition in 4 days owing to relatively short storm duration. Model results revealed that the cross-sectional residual flow pattern observed at the inlet mouth is highly variable with time and location of the cross section. Comparison of various terms in the horizontal momentum equations shows that the balance is primarily between the barotropic pressure gradient and nonlinear advection. Although the wind stress and bottom friction briefly become significant in the balance, they are still at least an order of magnitude smaller. Baroclinic pressure gradient is weak despite the increase in precipitation and river discharge.Citation: Tutak, B., and Y. P. Sheng (2011), Effect of tropical cyclones on residual circulation and momentum balance in a subtropical estuary and inlet: Observation and simulation,

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“…The east coast consists of a narrow shelf (5-25 km) with varied estuarine environment, including the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and the Indian River lagoon. Indian River lagoon is -200 km long with average width of ~3 km and depths generally at 1-2 m. Because of its expanse and shallowness and because of the fact that the servicing tidal inlets are far removed (50-150 km), tides in the Indian River lagoon fluctuate by only tens of centimeters down to centimeters throughout much of the body of water (Smith, 2001). Eight causeways traverse the Indian River lagoon, and abutments extend far into the body of water, causing a narrow constriction (-50 m) through which the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway is dredged at -3.5 m (Parkman, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamics of the 2004 Florida Hurricanes

Hagen

Bacopoulos

Cox³

et al. 2011

Journal of Coastal Research

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I www.JCRonline.org Hagen, S.C; Bacopoulos, P.; Cox, A.T., and Cardone, V.We studied the hydrodynamic response caused by the four major hurricanes that struck Florida's coasts in 2004; Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. A large-scale, shallow-water-equation model was applied so as to simulate wind and tidally driven hydrodynamics from the deep ocean into the shelf and coastal waters of Florida. Hurricane Ivan served as the calibration case, where the adjusted parameter was the wind drag coefficient. We identified an "increased" wind drag coefficient to perform best and suggest it as a first approximation to the wave contribution to the hydrodynamics. The increased drag coefficient is offered to the consulting and/or forecasting communities, who are frequently without wavemodeling resources, as a pragmatic approach to approximate for waves. Hurricanes Charley, Frances, and Jeanne serve as the validation cases in which the increased wind drag coefficient was applied. Analysis was performed by inspection of maximum water-surface elevations, which are interpreted in terms of shelf and bay dynamics for the west coast hurricane cases (Charley and Ivan) and in terms of channel hydraulics for the east coast hurricane cases (Frances and Jeanne). We conclude that the broad shelf off Florida's west coast allows the storm tide to accumulate along the open coast and that the emhayments further magnify the storm tide, and that the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway along Florida's east coast is effective in propagating storm tide, where we show compartmentalization of the storm tide in the Indian River lagoon as caused by the flow impediment of the causeway abutments.

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Seasonal-scale Transport Patterns in a Multi-inlet Coastal Lagoon

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Physical response of a back‐barrier estuary to a post‐tropical cyclone

Physical response of a back‐barrier estuary to a post‐tropical cyclone

Effect of tropical cyclones on residual circulation and momentum balance in a subtropical estuary and inlet: Observation and simulation

Hydrodynamics of the 2004 Florida Hurricanes

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