Seasonal shifts in the soil microbial community responded differently to in situ experimental warming in a natural forest and a plantation

Abstract

Climate warming will shift the seasonal variation of the soil microbial community and thereby regulate the soil process dynamics of forest ecosystems. To evaluate the effects of warming on soil microbial community seasonal dynamics, an in situ experiment was conducted in a natural forest and a dragon spruce plantation in the subalpine region of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Open‐top chambers (OTCs) were used to increase the mean soil temperature by 0.54 and 0.58°C for the natural forest and plantation, respectively. Our results showed that the initial levels of soil carbon and nitrogen were much higher in the natural forest than in the plantation. Compared to no‐warming, the annual average soil carbon and nitrogen contents increased by 14% and 16% in the natural forest, but decreased by 7 and 6% in the plantation after 4 years of OTC warming, respectively. Conversely, warming caused a significant reduction in the annual average microbial biomass by approximately 50% in the natural forest but enhanced this parameter by approximately 30% in the plantation. Warming further enlarged the differences in seasonal variation in microbial community composition between the two forests. The seasonal variation in microbial community‐level substrate utilization also responded differently to warming in the two forest types. These opposite responses of the soil microbial community and soil properties to warming will further magnify the differences in soil conditions between the two forest types under future climate warming. Highlights Soil microbial biomass is reduced by warming in the natural forest but increased in the plantation. Seasonal shifts of microbial community respond differently to warming in the two forests. Soil initial properties likely affect responses of microbial community to warming. Warming will enlarge the differences between the two forests.

The elevational patterns and key drivers of soil microbial communities strongly depend on soil layer and season

“…Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was performed to visually interpret changes in soil microbial community composition with elevation and incubation time based on the Bray–Curtis distances of variability for all PLFA biomarkers (Dove et al, 2021). Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to analyse the effects of elevation, season, year, and their interactions with soil microbial community composition (Zhao et al, 2022). We used distance‐based redundancy analysis (db‐RDA) with Bray–Curtis distances to assess the correlations between environmental factors and microbial community composition at different elevations and time.…”

“…Seasonality is an essential feature that causes temporal variations in soil microbial biomass and community composition (Hu et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2022). Significant seasonal changes in the biomass and composition of soil microbial communities have been reported in various ecosystems (Fu et al, 2020; Stevenson et al, 2014; Yokobe et al, 2018; Zhao et al, 2022).…”

“…Seasonality is an essential feature that causes temporal variations in soil microbial biomass and community composition (Hu et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2022). Significant seasonal changes in the biomass and composition of soil microbial communities have been reported in various ecosystems (Fu et al, 2020; Stevenson et al, 2014; Yokobe et al, 2018; Zhao et al, 2022). However, most studies involving elevational patterns of soil microbial communities have been based on a single sampling date rather than sampling time over all seasons (Kivlin & Hawkes, 2020; Smith et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2020).…”

'Only One Earth' – Celebrating soil science on World Environment Day 2022

“…The authors find that peatland carbon fluxes are influenced by plant functional types (PFT), with climate-induced expansion of graminoids having both a direct and indirect effects on the stability of peatland carbon stores. In addition to permafrost and peatlands, Zhao et al (2022) study the effects of warming on soil microbial communities in natural forest and tree plantation systems. Interestingly, 4 years of warming increased the mean carbon content in the natural forest but decreased this in the plantation.…”