Seasonal study of dissolved CH4, CO2 and N2O in a shallow tidal system of the bay of Cádiz (SW Spain)

Ferrón, Sara; Ortega, T.; Gómez-Parra, Abelardo; Forja, Jesús M.

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.03.021

Cited by 102 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…However, most of the CO 2 flux was positive in the study, probably because most of the pH values in the TGR ranged from 7.2 to 8.4, which did not surpass the abovementioned critical range. Water velocity, as a source of turbulence at the water surface, had an effect on the gas-transfer rate at the airwater interface (Ferrón et al, 2007). Water velocity had significant spatial and temporal variations at the TGR, with high values in summer at Wushan, and low values in other seasons and sites, which were almost coincident with the spatiotemporal variations in CO 2 flux ( Table 1).…”

Section: Environmental Variables Influencing Co 2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Firstly, the inlet water flow to the TGR drastically increased starting in June, causing floods during summer. The water velocity was faster in the flood season (JuneSeptember) than the non-flood season, which contributed greatly to CO 2 flux (Borges et al, 2004;Ferrón et al, 2007). Moreover, high air and water temperatures and a high air-water temperature difference in the summer stimulated CO 2 production and transport.…”

Section: Temporal Variation In Co 2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4b). Water velocity also influenced gas emissions from the water surface in the shallow bay of Cádiz, Spain (Ferrón et al, 2007). In addition, Borges et al (2004) proposed an empirical equation that parameterized the cumulative effects of water velocity on gas exchange at the air-water interface.…”

Section: Environmental Variables Influencing Co 2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 flux at the air-water interface of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Yang¹,

Lu²,

Wang³

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Diffusive carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from the water surface of the Three Gorges Reservoir, currently the largest hydroelectric reservoir in the world, were measured using floating static chambers over the course of a yearlong survey. The results showed that the average annual CO 2 flux was (163.3 ± 117.4) mg CO 2 /(m 2 ·hr) at the reservoir surface, which was larger than the CO 2 flux in most boreal and temperate reservoirs but lower than that in tropical reservoirs. Significant spatial variations in CO 2 flux were observed at four measured sites, with the largest flux measured at Wushan (221.9 mg CO 2 /(m 2 ·hr)) and the smallest flux measured at Zigui (88.6 mg CO 2 /(m 2 ·hr)); these differences were probably related to the average water velocities at different sites. Seasonal variations in CO 2 flux were also observed at four sites, starting to increase in January, continuously rising until peaking in the summer (JuneAugust) and gradually decreasing thereafter. Seasonal variations in CO 2 flux could reflect seasonal dynamics in pH, water velocity, and temperature. Since the spatial and temporal variations in CO 2 flux were significant and dependent on multiple physical, chemical, and hydrological factors, it is suggested that long-term measurements should be made on a large spatial scale to assess the climatic influence of hydropower in China, as well as the rest of the world.

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Section: Environmental Variables Influencing Co 2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Temporal Variation In Co 2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 flux at the air-water interface of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Yang¹,

Lu²,

Wang³

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…The methods used to calculate the flux, as well as sources of the gas exchange coefficient and wind speed, are listed in Table 2. Of note is that using different pCO 2 flux methods and gas transfer velocities causes disparity in flux estimations (Borges et al, 2004;Ferron et al, 2007;Jiang et al, 2008a;Zappa et al, 2007). However, there is still no consensus on the most suitable coefficient to use in 6512 C.-T. A. Chen et al: Air-sea exchanges of CO 2 in the world's coastal seas estuaries.…”

Section: Sea-to-air Co Fluxes In Estuariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air–sea exchanges of CO<sub>2</sub> in the world's coastal seas

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The air-sea exchanges of CO 2 in the world's 165 estuaries and 87 continental shelves are evaluated. Generally and in all seasons, upper estuaries with salinities of less than two are strong sources of CO 2 (39 ± 56 mol C m −2 yr −1 , positive flux indicates that the water is losing CO 2 to the atmosphere); mid-estuaries with salinities of between 2 and 25 are moderate sources (17.5 ± 34 mol C m −2 yr −1 ) and lower estuaries with salinities of more than 25 are weak sources . Mixing with low-pCO 2 shelf waters, water temperature, residence time and the complexity of the biogeochemistry are major factors that govern the pCO 2 in estuaries, but wind speed, seldom discussed, is critical to controlling the air-water exchanges of CO 2 . The total annual release of CO 2 from the world's estuaries is now estimated to be 0.10 Pg C yr −1 , which is much lower than published values mainly because of the contribution of a considerable amount of heretofore unpublished or new data from Asia and the Arctic. The Asian data, although indicating high pCO 2 , are low in sea-to-air fluxes because of low wind speeds. Previously determined flux values rely heavily on data from Europe and North America, where pCO 2 is lower but wind speeds are much higher, such that the CO 2 fluxes are higher than in Asia. Newly emerged CO 2 flux data in the Arctic reveal that estuaries there mostly absorb rather than release CO 2 .Most continental shelves, and especially those at high latitude, are undersaturated in terms of CO 2 and absorb CO 2 from the atmosphere in all seasons. Shelves between 0 and 23.5 • S are on average a weak source and have a small flux per unit area of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Water temperature, the spreading of river plumes, upwelling, and biological production seem to be the main factors in determining pCO 2 in the shelves. Wind speed, again, is critical because at high latitudes, the winds tend to be strong. Since the surface water pCO 2 values are low, the air-to-sea fluxes are high in regions above 50 • N and below 50 • S. At low latitudes, the winds tend to be weak, so the sea-to-air CO 2 flux is small. Overall, the world's continental shelves absorb 0.4 Pg C yr −1 from the atmosphere.

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“…Methane 62 (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) are important greenhouse gases (GHGs) 63 that contribute to global warming (Ferron et al, 2007). Indirect N 2 O emissions are now 64 recognized as a quantitatively significant component of the total N 2 O emission budget from 65 agricultural activities (Reay et al, 2009 (Cheung et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introduction 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of headspace equilibration methods for quantifying greenhouse gases in groundwater

Jahangir

Johnston

Khalil

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Management

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Seasonal study of dissolved CH4, CO2 and N2O in a shallow tidal system of the bay of Cádiz (SW Spain)

Cited by 102 publications

References 70 publications

Spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 flux at the air-water interface of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 flux at the air-water interface of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Air–sea exchanges of CO<sub>2</sub> in the world's coastal seas

Evaluation of headspace equilibration methods for quantifying greenhouse gases in groundwater

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Seasonal study of dissolved CH4, CO2 and N2O in a shallow tidal system of the bay of Cádiz (SW Spain)

Cited by 102 publications

References 70 publications

Spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 flux at the air-water interface of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 flux at the air-water interface of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Air–sea exchanges of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the world's coastal seas

Evaluation of headspace equilibration methods for quantifying greenhouse gases in groundwater

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Air–sea exchanges of CO<sub>2</sub> in the world's coastal seas