Seasonal succession in zooplankton feeding traits reveals trophic trait coupling

Kenitz, Kasia M.; Visser, André W.; Mariani, Patrizio; Andersen, Ken Haste

doi:10.1002/lno.10494

Cited by 47 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The L. polyedra strain originates from southern California. In this area a 50% variation in copepod abundance between seasons has been reported 30,31 . Even if there is no exact measurement of the cost of bioluminescence, the associated structures and control mechanisms suggest that also the criteria for inducible defence are fulfilled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Effects of predator lipids on dinoflagellate defence mechanisms - increased bioluminescence capacity

Lindström

Grebner

Rigby

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Short flashes of blue light (bioluminescence) from dinoflagellates can reduce copepod grazing of light-emitting cells. Other protective strategies against grazing are toxicity, reduced cell chain length and altered swimming patterns in different phytoplankton. Both toxicity and bioluminescence capacity in dinoflagellates decrease in copepod-free cultures, but toxin production can be restored in response to chemical alarm signals from copepods, copepodamides. Here we show that strains of the dinoflagellates Lingulodinium polyedra and Alexandrium tamarense, kept in culture for 14 and 9 years respectively, are capable of increasing their total bioluminescence capacity in response to copepodamides. The luminescence response to mechanical stimulation with air bubbles also increases significantly in L. polyedra after exposure to copepodamides. Effects on size, swimming speed and rate of change of direction in L. polyedra and A. tamarense were not detected, suggesting that post-encounter mechanisms such as bioluminescence and toxin production may constitute the dominating line of defence in these taxa. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of changes in bioluminescence physiology as a response to chemical cues from natural enemies and emphasizes the importance of bioluminescence as an anti-grazing strategy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…A single copepod of the species Calanus finmarchicus can produce up to 120 pmol copepodamides in a day and copepod densities of 10–100 individuals l −1 is common for smaller copepod species 20,31,32 . Thus the addition of 1 and 10 nM copepodamides per day is on par with natural supply of copepodamides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of predator lipids on dinoflagellate defence mechanisms - increased bioluminescence capacity

Lindström

Grebner

Rigby

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…and fig. 3 of Kenitz et al ), but instead to obtain the original source data (http://www.westernchannelobservatory.org.uk/). Notwithstanding this caveat over data, Kenitz et al paper provides a testable alternative mechanism to the loophole hypothesis.…”

Section: A Suite Of Explanations For Plankton Seasonality At L4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feeding traits of zooplankton have been categorized elegantly (Kiørboe ), and we know that copepods can select certain prey types from mixtures in bottles. Trait‐based approaches have emphasized the link between feeding mode and diet, with the notion that feeding currents are more effective for catching non‐motile cells and that ambush feeders target motile cells (Litchman et al ; Kenitz et al ). But what actually happens in the sea, with its plethora of sizes, types, and qualities of available particles?…”

Section: So What Controls Plankton Seasonality In a Stratifying Shelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment. What drives plankton seasonality in a stratifying shelf sea? Some competing and complementary theories

Atkinson

Polimene

Fileman

et al. 2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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The Plymouth L4 time plankton series in the Western English Channel is a textbook example of a shallow, stratifying shelf sea system. Over its 30 yr of weekly sampling, this site has provided a diverse and contrasting suite of numerical and conceptual models of plankton bloom formation, phenology, and seasonal succession. The most recent of these papers, Kenitz et al. (2017) has initiated this comment, partly because we feel that it has presented a slightly misleading picture of the plankton composition at this site, and of a robust, recurring seasonal succession. We address this by illustrating the extent of inter‐annual variability in phenology that occurs at the site, and which needs to be captured better within models. However our main aim is to foster a much better integration of the variety of top‐down and bottom‐up processes that have all been suggested to be key in driving seasonal succession. Some of these, particularly the multiple grazing and growth controls contributing to the so‐called “loophole hypothesis” may be complementary, but others, such as the role of copepod feeding traits in driving species succession (Kenitz et al. 2017) offer testable competing hypotheses. The basic assumptions and outputs of all these models need to be validated more critically, both against time series data and process studies that include the finding of unselective feeding. We suggest that the variability in plankton phenology (and not just mean timing and amplitude) could be used to diagnose the performance of alternative models of plankton succession.

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“…Much has been learned from these endeavours, 45 especially with regard to water mass circulation and the functioning of the ecosystem and biological pump (e.g. Forest et al, 2013, Kenitz et al, 2017Erikson et al, 2018). The CEO adds a highly outfitted complement of acoustic, optical, electrochemical, and gas membrane sensors as well as direct sample collection devices.…”

Section: Importance Of the Observatorymentioning

confidence: 99%

From sea ice to seals: A moored marine ecosystem observatory in the Arctic

Hauri¹,

Danielson²,

McDonnell³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Although Arctic marine ecosystems are changing rapidly, year-round monitoring is currently very limited and presents multiple challenges unique to this region. The Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory (CEO) described here uses new sensor technologies to meet needs for continuous, high resolution, and year-round observations across all levels of the 20 ecosystem in the biologically productive and seasonally ice-covered Chukchi Sea off the northwest coast of Alaska. This mooring array records a broad suite of parameters that facilitate observations, yielding better understanding of physical, chemical and biological couplings, phenologies, and the overall state of this Arctic shelf marine ecosystem. While cold temperatures and eight months of sea ice cover present challenging conditions for the operation of the CEO, this extreme environment also serves as a rigorous test bed for innovative ecosystem monitoring strategies. Here, we present data from 25 the 2015-16 CEO deployments that provide new perspectives on the seasonal evolution of sea ice, water column structure and physical properties, annual cycles in nitrate, dissolved oxygen, phytoplankton blooms and export, zooplankton abundance and vertical migration, the occurrence of Arctic cod, and vocalizations of marine mammals such as bearded seals. These integrated ecosystem observations are being combined with ship-based observations and modeling to produce a timeseries that documents biological community responses to changing seasonal sea ice and water temperatures while 30 establishing a scientific basis for ecosystem management. The Gateway to the Arctic OceanThe Chukchi continental shelf is the seasonally ice-covered entryway of Pacific-origin waters flowing northward into the Arctic Ocean. An oceanic pressure and elevation differential between the Pacific and the Arctic Oceans is the driving force for this transport (Stigebrandt, 1984), moving water, heat, nutrients, organic carbon, and organisms northward, 35 leading to transformations on the shelf en route to the deep Arctic Ocean. Large late spring and summertime phytoplankton blooms (Sambrotto et al., 1984;Springer et al., 1996; Arrigo et al., 2014; Hill et al., in press) make the Chukchi continental shelf an extremely productive marine ecosystem that supports a thriving benthos (Grebmeier et al., 2006), zooplankton (Ershova et al., 2015), seabirds (Kuletz et al., 2015) and marine mammals . The Chukchi Sea shelf is part of a broader Arctic system undergoing rapid change. The Arctic near surface air 40 temperature is increasing almost twice as fast as the global average (Serreze and Francis, 2006;Stocker et al., 2013 Fig. 1). Warming has led to a > 40% Arctic-wide decrease of summertime sea ice extent over the last 4 decades (Serreze and Stroeve, 2015). In the Chukchi and Beaufort seas, ice cover has decreased by 1.24 days/year since 1979, a trend that accelerated to a decrease of 12.84 days/year in the 2000-2012 period (Frey et al., 2015). The freshwater content of the Arctic Ocean has also increased...

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Seasonal succession in zooplankton feeding traits reveals trophic trait coupling

Cited by 47 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of predator lipids on dinoflagellate defence mechanisms - increased bioluminescence capacity

Effects of predator lipids on dinoflagellate defence mechanisms - increased bioluminescence capacity

Comment. What drives plankton seasonality in a stratifying shelf sea? Some competing and complementary theories

From sea ice to seals: A moored marine ecosystem observatory in the Arctic

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