Seasonal variability of mixed layer depth in Indonesian Seas

Radjawane, Ivonne M.; Nurdjaman, Susanna; Apriansyah,

doi:10.1063/1.4930690

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The relatively deep MLD during northeast monsoon seems to be accompanied by the strong wind, but the strong buoyancy flux seems to be balanced the effects of the wind to thin the MLD. Although the MLD in this study used different criteria than (Radjawane et al, 2015), the tendency where maximum and minimum MLD occurs in each month is similar, with MLD being deeper during JJA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Similar to (Kara et al, 2003;Monterey & Levitus, 1997) by using the gridded climatological dataset, the chosen fixed criterion in density is 0.125 kg m -3 and the fixed criterion in temperature is 0.5°C from the surface as shown in Equations ( 1) and (2) (Kara et al, 2003;Monterey & S. Levitus, 1997). Different from (Radjawane et al, 2015) that only use temperature threshold criteria, in this study, the smallest value between MLD criteria from density and temperature is considered as the MLD. This analysis is used, since the MLD from the two thresholds calculations are different, and each temperature and density profiles have s different mixed layer depth estimation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2 shows the example of temperature and density (as well as salinity) profiles from one grid point in the Sulawesi Sea, it shows that the MLD from temperature threshold criteria is deeper than MLD from density threshold criteria because the density is derived from temperature and salinity, thus the density profiles reflect both temperature and salinity characteristics (on Figure 2, the salinity profile has a shallow mixed layer that shows only in a few meters from the surface, and it is reflected into the density profile). The implication of this criteria is that the MLD will be different (or even smaller) than the calculation from (Radjawane et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that, the estimation of wind stress and buoyancy flux are covered in the WOA period from 1955 to 2012, thus the estimation is still reliable to analyze the seasonal variation compare to WOA. (Lim et al, 2012;Radjawane et al, 2015) also use different time ranges of dataset to compare MLD with another atmospheric forcing in the seasonal time scale variation. The seasonal climatology is divided based on the monsoon system i.e., northeast monsoon at December-January-February (DJF), first transition monsoon at March-April-May (MAM), southwest monsoon at June-July-August (JJA), and second transition monsoon at September-October-November (SON).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study of MLD in the Indonesian Seas (including Sulawesi Sea) is provided by (Radjawane et al, 2015), they suggest the seasonal variation of MLD in Indonesian Seas is closely related to seasonal monsoonal wind patterns. However, there is a limitation in the previous studies on mixed layer depth in the Indonesian Sea or Sulawesi Sea i.e., the relation of buoyancy forcing to the formation of MLD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Variability of The Mixed Layer Depth in The Sulawesi Sea

Iskandar¹,

Wardhani

Suga

2021

OLDI

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The Sulawesi Sea is a semi-enclosed basin located in the Indonesian Seas and considered as the one of location in the west route of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). There is less attention on the mixed layer depth investigation in the Sulawesi Sea. Concerning that the mixed layer plays an important role in influencing the ocean in air-sea interaction and affects biological activity, the estimation of mixed layer depth (MLD) in the Sulawesi Sea is important. Seasonal variation of the mixed layer in the Sulawesi Sea between 115°-125°E and 0°-8°N is estimated by using World Ocean Atlas 2013. Forcing elements on the mixed layer in terms of surface-forced turbulent mixing from mechanical forcing of wind stress and buoyancy forcing (from heat flux as well as freshwater flux) in the Sulawesi Sea is provided by using a reanalysis dataset. The MLD is estimated directly on grid profiles with interpolated levels based on chosen density fixed criterion of 0.03 kg.m<sup>-3</sup> and temperature criterion of 0.5°C difference from the surface. The results show that mixed layer depth in the Sulawesi Sea varies both spatially and temporally. Generally, the deepest MLD was occurred during the southwest monsoon (JJA), and the lowest MLD was occurred during the first transition (MAM) and second transition monsoon (SON). Strengthening and weakening MLD are influenced by mechanical forcing from wind stress and buoyancy flux. In the Sulawesi Sea, the mixed layer deepening coincides with the occurrence of a maximum in wind stress, and low buoyancy flux at the surface. This condition is the opposite when mixed layer shallowing occurs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Variability of The Mixed Layer Depth in The Sulawesi Sea

Iskandar¹,

Wardhani

Suga

2021

OLDI

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Seasonal variation of some oceanographic parameters in the Arafura Sea – Gulf of Carpentaria

Suryadarma

Okgareta

Latuapo

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The shallow continental shelf of Arafura Sea-Gulf of Carpentaria borders the Torres Strait in the east and the deep Banda Sea in the west, where the monsoonal winds system controls shelf circulation. This study aims to investigate spatial and temporal variation of shelf circulation, surface temperature (SST), seas surface height (SSH), using the multi-datasets of validated model output and satellite-derived data. The model reproduced well the satellite derived SST and SSH (corr.> 0.98). The northwesterly monsoonal winds are fully developed between December and February (NWM period), but the southeasterly winds are intensified during the southeast monsoon (SEM). During the monsoon breaks, the southeasterly-easterly winds are still dominant. The shelf circulation is coincident with the wind direction. During the NMW period the eastward flows from Banda basin and Timor Sea are dominant, creating a clockwise circulation within the Gulf. In contrast, the westward flow dominates during the SEM period, creating an anti-clockwise circulation in the Gulf. Exchange of water via the Torres Strait is also seen. Spatial pattern of temperature and SSH reveal a dissimilarity between the Gulf and the Arafura Sea (99.9% of explained variance) with dominant periodicity of annual and semi-annual scales.

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Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclone Seroja at East Nusa Tenggara Waters

Avrionesti¹,

Khadami

Purnaningtyas

2021

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Tropical Cyclone (TC) Seroja is a unique tropical cyclone that has significant impacts along its path, such as floods in East Nusa Tenggara and high waves along the southern coast of Indonesia. Research related to ocean responses to tropical cyclones in Indonesia is still limited due to its rarely occurence in Indonesian waters. The responses of the upper ocean to TC Seroja were investigated using multi-satellite remote sensing of sea surface wind (SSW), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), and numerical model of mixed layer depth (MLD) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The SST cooling occurred around the TC Seroja track at 0.5 – 3°C after the storm had passed. During April 3 – 7, 2021, in addition to spatial SST cooling, changes in chlorophyll-a, SSHA, and MLD were also detected. The chlorophyll-a increase to 2.57 mg/m3 and SSHA reached -10 cm. Thus, the MLD was deeper around the eye of the storm during the cyclone and became uniform after the storm passed. These characteristics indicate the upwelling phenomenon induced by the cyclone.

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Seasonal variability of mixed layer depth in Indonesian Seas

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Seasonal Variability of The Mixed Layer Depth in The Sulawesi Sea

Seasonal Variability of The Mixed Layer Depth in The Sulawesi Sea

Seasonal variation of some oceanographic parameters in the Arafura Sea – Gulf of Carpentaria

Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclone Seroja at East Nusa Tenggara Waters

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