Seasonal Variation in Cryptogenic and Noncryptogenic Hemoptysis Hospitalizations in France

Haemoptysis: a frequent diagnostic challenge

“…Each hospital's budget depends on the medical activity, as described by a specific computer program, which compiled discharge abstracts related to all admissions since 2008. The fact that these national data are necessary to allocate hospital budgets has considerably encouraged improvements in data quality in terms of accuracy and exhaustiveness, and the results obtained in our study are consequently different from those in the publication of BOULAY et al [2], where data were collected between 1994 and 1997. In France, diagnoses identified during hospital stays have been coded according to the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) since 1998.…”

Cryptogenic haemoptysis in smokers: angiography and results of embolisation in 35 patients

“…Comparing their data with older studies, they underlined that haemoptysis was less likely to be caused by tuberculosis and bronchiectasis, while haemoptysis caused by bronchitis had increased proportionately, subsequently confirmed in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The second striking feature regarding the revised prevalence of the aetiologies of haemoptysis is that, despite modern diagnostic means, nearly a third of haemoptysis remains classified as cryptogenic [1,3,[7][8][9][10]. However, the populations reported in this category are quite heterogeneous, gathering patients with no identifiable causes of haemoptysis, but also patients in whom an underlying disease was later recognised, such as ''inactive tuberculosis'' or ''occult bronchiectasis''.…”

“…This apparent contradiction can be explained by the various criteria retained by the authors to assess this diagnosis. If fibreoptic bronchoscopy was systematically included [1,3,[7][8][9][10], patients' follow-up and imaging studies, in particular chest computed tomography (CT), have been only integrated in the most recent reports on cryptogenic haemoptysis [3,6,9,10].…”

“…Careful reading of studies on cryptogenic haemoptysis in which detailed patient histories are available reveals a high proportion of smokers, varying between 42% and 79% of the studied populations [2,[8][9][10]. However, these authors did not discuss the causal relationship between cryptogenic haemoptysis and smoking, as did HIYAMA et al [11] in 2002.…”

Diagnosis and management of hemoptysis

“…According to different authors, etiology of hemoptysis cannot be determined in 3% to 42% of cases and it is defined as cryptogenic (7,16,17). Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that a proportion of patients presenting with hemoptysis without any morbidity are smokers, and bleeding in smokers should be defined as smoke-related (occurring as a result of tobacco-induced bronchial wall inflammation), rather than cryptogenic (17).…”